2.1.9
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.1.9
पूर्वं हि प्रमाणसिद्धौ न इन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षात् प्रत्यक्षोत्पत्तिः
pūrvaṃ hi pramāṇasiddhau na indriyārthasannikarṣāt pratyakṣotpattiḥ
The line
The earlier. A compound: a means, and established, not because of a compound: a sense, a thing, a meaning, and contact, a compound: toward, against, akṣo (अक्षो), and tpatta (त्पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pūrvaṃ (पूर्वं) + hi (हि) + pramāṇa-siddhau (प्रमाण-सिद्धौ) + na (न) + indriya-artha-sannikarṣāt (इन्द्रिय-अर्थ-सन्निकर्षात्) + prati-akṣo-tpattiḥ (प्रति-अक्षो-त्पत्तिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pūrvaṃ (पूर्वं) | accusative singular, masculine | the earlier |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| pramāṇa-siddhau (प्रमाण-सिद्धौ) | nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: a means, and established. Read it from the end |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| indriya-artha-sannikarṣāt (इन्द्रिय-अर्थ-सन्निकर्षात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a sense, a thing, a meaning, and contact. Read it from the end |
| prati-akṣo-tpattiḥ (प्रति-अक्षो-त्पत्तिः) | nominative singular | a compound: toward, against, akṣo (अक्षो), and tpatta (त्पत्त). Read it from the end |
The phrases
pūrvaṃ (पूर्वं) is the earlier. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. pramāṇa-siddhau (प्रमाण-सिद्धौ) is a compound: a means, and established. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. indriya-artha-sannikarṣāt (इन्द्रिय-अर्थ-सन्निकर्षात्) is a compound: a sense, a thing, a meaning, and contact. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. prati-akṣo-tpattiḥ (प्रति-अक्षो-त्पत्तिः) is a compound: toward, against, akṣo (अक्षो), and tpatta (त्पत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
indriya-artha-sannikarṣāt (इन्द्रिय-अर्थ-सन्निकर्षात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pūrvaṃ (पूर्वं) and pramāṇa-siddhau (प्रमाण-सिद्धौ).