2.2.50
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.50
वर्णत्वाव्यतिरेकात् वर्णविकाराणामप्रतिषेधः
varṇatvāvyatirekāt varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ
The line
Because of a compound: a sound, a class, tvāvya (त्वाव्य), and tireka (तिरेक), of a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation, the absence of a denial.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: varṇa-tvāvya-tirekāt (वर्ण-त्वाव्य-तिरेकात्) + varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्) + apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| varṇa-tvāvya-tirekāt (वर्ण-त्वाव्य-तिरेकात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a sound, a class, tvāvya (त्वाव्य), and tireka (तिरेक). Read it from the end |
| varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्) | genitive plural | a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation. Read it from the end |
| apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absence of a denial |
The phrases
varṇa-tvāvya-tirekāt (वर्ण-त्वाव्य-तिरेकात्) is a compound: a sound, a class, tvāvya (त्वाव्य), and tireka (तिरेक). Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्) is a compound: a sound, a class, and a transformation. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural.
apratiṣedhaḥ (अप्रतिषेधः) is the absence of a denial. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
varṇa-tvāvya-tirekāt (वर्ण-त्वाव्य-तिरेकात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss varṇa-tvāvya-tirekāt (वर्ण-त्वाव्य-तिरेकात्) and varṇa-vikārāṇām (वर्ण-विकाराणाम्).