2.2.61
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.61
व्यक्त्याकृतिजातिसन्निधौ उपचारात् संशयः
vyaktyākṛtijātisannidhau upacārāt saṃśayaḥ
The line
A compound: vyaktyā (व्यक्त्या), kṛti (कृति), a futile rejoinder, and sannidha (सन्निध), because of a figurative use, doubt.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Examines doubt, and then examines the means of knowing one by one. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: vyaktyā-kṛti-jāti-sannidhau (व्यक्त्या-कृति-जाति-सन्निधौ) + upacārāt (उपचारात्) + saṃśayaḥ (संशयः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vyaktyā-kṛti-jāti-sannidhau (व्यक्त्या-कृति-जाति-सन्निधौ) | nominative or accusative dual, masculine | a compound: vyaktyā (व्यक्त्या), kṛti (कृति), a futile rejoinder, and sannidha (सन्निध). Read it from the end |
| upacārāt (उपचारात्) | ablative singular | a figurative use |
| saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) | nominative singular, masculine | doubt |
The phrases
vyaktyā-kṛti-jāti-sannidhau (व्यक्त्या-कृति-जाति-सन्निधौ) is a compound: vyaktyā (व्यक्त्या), kṛti (कृति), a futile rejoinder, and sannidha (सन्निध). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, masculine. upacārāt (उपचारात्) is a figurative use. It stands as ablative singular.
saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) is doubt. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
vyaktyā-kṛti-jāti-sannidhau (व्यक्त्या-कृति-जाति-सन्निधौ) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vyaktyā-kṛti-jāti-sannidhau (व्यक्त्या-कृति-जाति-सन्निधौ) and upacārāt (उपचारात्).