3.1.20
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.20
न, उष्णशीतवर्षाकालनिमित्तत्वात् पञ्चात्मकविकाराणाम्
na, uṣṇaśītavarṣākālanimittatvāt pañcātmakavikārāṇām
The line
Not a compound: uṣṇa (उष्ण), śīta (शीत), varṣā (वर्षा), time, the efficient ground, and tvāta (त्वात), of a compound: pañcā (पञ्चा), tmaka (त्मक), and a transformation.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. padmādiṣu (पद्मादिषु) from 3.1.19 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: na (न) + uṣṇa-śīta-varṣā-kāla-nimitta-tvāta (उष्ण-शीत-वर्षा-काल-निमित्त-त्वात) + pañcā-tmaka-vikārāṇām (पञ्चा-त्मक-विकाराणाम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| uṣṇa-śīta-varṣā-kāla-nimitta-tvāta (उष्ण-शीत-वर्षा-काल-निमित्त-त्वात) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: uṣṇa (उष्ण), śīta (शीत), varṣā (वर्षा), time, the efficient ground, and tvāta (त्वात). Read it from the end |
| pañcā-tmaka-vikārāṇām (पञ्चा-त्मक-विकाराणाम्) | genitive plural | a compound: pañcā (पञ्चा), tmaka (त्मक), and a transformation. Read it from the end |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. uṣṇa-śīta-varṣā-kāla-nimitta-tvāta (उष्ण-शीत-वर्षा-काल-निमित्त-त्वात) is a compound: uṣṇa (उष्ण), śīta (शीत), varṣā (वर्षा), time, the efficient ground, and tvāta (त्वात). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
pañcā-tmaka-vikārāṇām (पञ्चा-त्मक-विकाराणाम्) is a compound: pañcā (पञ्चा), tmaka (त्मक), and a transformation. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural.
Sanskrit in this line
uṣṇa-śīta-varṣā-kāla-nimitta-tvāta (उष्ण-शीत-वर्षा-काल-निमित्त-त्वात) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss uṣṇa-śīta-varṣā-kāla-nimitta-tvāta (उष्ण-शीत-वर्षा-काल-निमित्त-त्वात) and pañcā-tmaka-vikārāṇām (पञ्चा-त्मक-विकाराणाम्).