3.1.37
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.37
द्रव्यगुणधर्मभेदात् च उपलब्धिनियमः
dravyaguṇadharmabhedāt ca upalabdhiniyamaḥ
The line
Because of a compound: a substance, a quality, dharma, a property, and a difference and, a compound: a finding, and a restriction.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. anumīya-mānasya (अनुमीय-मानस्य) from 3.1.36 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: dravya-guṇa-dharma-bhedāt (द्रव्य-गुण-धर्म-भेदात्) + ca (च) + upalabdhi-niyamaḥ (उपलब्धि-नियमः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dravya-guṇa-dharma-bhedāt (द्रव्य-गुण-धर्म-भेदात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a substance, a quality, dharma, a property, and a difference. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| upalabdhi-niyamaḥ (उपलब्धि-नियमः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: a finding, and a restriction. Read it from the end |
The phrases
dravya-guṇa-dharma-bhedāt (द्रव्य-गुण-धर्म-भेदात्) is a compound: a substance, a quality, dharma, a property, and a difference. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
upalabdhi-niyamaḥ (उपलब्धि-नियमः) is a compound: a finding, and a restriction. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
dravya-guṇa-dharma-bhedāt (द्रव्य-गुण-धर्म-भेदात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dravya-guṇa-dharma-bhedāt (द्रव्य-गुण-धर्म-भेदात्) and upalabdhi-niyamaḥ (उपलब्धि-नियमः).