3.1.38
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.38
अनेकद्रव्यसमवायात् रूपविशेषात् च रूपोपलब्धिः
anekadravyasamavāyāt rūpaviśeṣāt ca rūpopalabdhiḥ
The line
Because of a compound: several, a substance, and inherence, because of a compound: a form, and a difference and, rūpopalabdha (रूपोपलब्ध).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: aneka-dravya-samavāyāt (अनेक-द्रव्य-समवायात्) + rūpa-viśeṣāt (रूप-विशेषात्) + ca (च) + rūpopalabdhiḥ (रूपोपलब्धिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| aneka-dravya-samavāyāt (अनेक-द्रव्य-समवायात्) | ablative singular | a compound: several, a substance, and inherence. Read it from the end |
| rūpa-viśeṣāt (रूप-विशेषात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a form, and a difference. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| rūpopalabdhiḥ (रूपोपलब्धिः) | nominative singular | rūpopalabdha (रूपोपलब्ध) |
The phrases
aneka-dravya-samavāyāt (अनेक-द्रव्य-समवायात्) is a compound: several, a substance, and inherence. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. rūpa-viśeṣāt (रूप-विशेषात्) is a compound: a form, and a difference. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. rūpopalabdhiḥ (रूपोपलब्धिः) is rūpopalabdha (रूपोपलब्ध). It stands as nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
aneka-dravya-samavāyāt (अनेक-द्रव्य-समवायात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss aneka-dravya-samavāyāt (अनेक-द्रव्य-समवायात्) and rūpa-viśeṣāt (रूप-विशेषात्).