3.1.41
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.41
न, रात्रौ अपि अनुपलब्धेः
na, rātrau api anupalabdheḥ
The line
Not rātra (रात्र) even, of not being found.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. madhya-ndino-lkāpra-kāśā-nupa-labdhivata (मध्य-न्दिनो-ल्काप्र-काशा-नुप-लब्धिवत) from 3.1.40 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: na (न) + rātrau (रात्रौ) + api (अपि) + anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| rātrau (रात्रौ) | nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular | rātra (रात्र) |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | not being found |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. rātrau (रात्रौ) is rātra (रात्र). It stands as nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular.
api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः) is not being found. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः) is genitive or ablative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss rātrau (रात्रौ) and anupalabdheḥ (अनुपलब्धेः).