3.1.51
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.51
दृष्टानुमितानां हि नियोगप्रतिषेधानुपपत्तिः
dṛṣṭānumitānāṃ hi niyogapratiṣedhānupapattiḥ
The line
Of a compound: seen, and inferred. A compound: niyoga (नियोग), toward, against, ṣedhā (षेधा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. ādarśodakayoḥ (आदर्शोदकयोः) from 3.1.50 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: dṛṣṭa-anumitānāṃ (दृष्ट-अनुमितानां) + hi (हि) + niyoga-prati-ṣedhā-nupa-pattiḥ (नियोग-प्रति-षेधा-नुप-पत्तिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dṛṣṭa-anumitānāṃ (दृष्ट-अनुमितानां) | genitive plural | a compound: seen, and inferred. Read it from the end |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| niyoga-prati-ṣedhā-nupa-pattiḥ (नियोग-प्रति-षेधा-नुप-पत्तिः) | nominative singular | a compound: niyoga (नियोग), toward, against, ṣedhā (षेधा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त). Read it from the end |
The phrases
dṛṣṭa-anumitānāṃ (दृष्ट-अनुमितानां) is a compound: seen, and inferred. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable.
niyoga-prati-ṣedhā-nupa-pattiḥ (नियोग-प्रति-षेधा-नुप-पत्तिः) is a compound: niyoga (नियोग), toward, against, ṣedhā (षेधा), nupa (नुप), and patta (पत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
niyoga-prati-ṣedhā-nupa-pattiḥ (नियोग-प्रति-षेधा-नुप-पत्तिः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dṛṣṭa-anumitānāṃ (दृष्ट-अनुमितानां) and niyoga-prati-ṣedhā-nupa-pattiḥ (नियोग-प्रति-षेधा-नुप-पत्तिः).