3.2.10
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.10
स्फटिके अपि अपरापरोत्पत्तेः क्षणिकत्वात् व्यक्तीनामहेतुः
sphaṭike api aparāparotpatteḥ kṣaṇikatvāt vyaktīnām ahetuḥ
The line
In sphaṭika (स्फटिक) even, of aparāparotpatta (अपरापरोत्पत्त), because of kṣaṇikatva (क्षणिकत्व), a compound: vyaktī (व्यक्ती), and by name, indeed, a non-reason.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sphaṭike (स्फटिके) + api (अपि) + aparāparotpatteḥ (अपरापरोत्पत्तेः) + kṣaṇikatvāt (क्षणिकत्वात्) + vyaktī-nāma (व्यक्ती-नाम) + ahetuḥ (अहेतुः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sphaṭike (स्फटिके) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | sphaṭika (स्फटिक) |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| aparāparotpatteḥ (अपरापरोत्पत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | aparāparotpatta (अपरापरोत्पत्त) |
| kṣaṇikatvāt (क्षणिकत्वात्) | ablative singular | kṣaṇikatva (क्षणिकत्व) |
| vyaktī-nāma (व्यक्ती-नाम) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: vyaktī (व्यक्ती), and by name, indeed. Read it from the end |
| ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a non-reason |
The phrases
sphaṭike (स्फटिके) is sphaṭika (स्फटिक). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. aparāparotpatteḥ (अपरापरोत्पत्तेः) is aparāparotpatta (अपरापरोत्पत्त). It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
kṣaṇikatvāt (क्षणिकत्वात्) is kṣaṇikatva (क्षणिकत्व). It stands as ablative singular. vyaktī-nāma (व्यक्ती-नाम) is a compound: vyaktī (व्यक्ती), and by name, indeed. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) is a non-reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
aparāparotpatteḥ (अपरापरोत्पत्तेः) is genitive or ablative singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sphaṭike (स्फटिके) and aparāparotpatteḥ (अपरापरोत्पत्तेः).