3.2.11
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.11
नियमहेत्वभावात् यथादर्शनमभ्यनुज्ञा
niyamahetvabhāvāt yathādarśanam abhyanujñā
The line
Because of a compound: a restriction, a reason, and absence, a compound: as, and seeing, abhyanujña (अभ्यनुज्ञ).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: niyama-hetu-abhāvāt (नियम-हेतु-अभावात्) + yathā-darśanam (यथा-दर्शनम्) + abhyanujñā (अभ्यनुज्ञा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| niyama-hetu-abhāvāt (नियम-हेतु-अभावात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a restriction, a reason, and absence. Read it from the end |
| yathā-darśanam (यथा-दर्शनम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: as, and seeing. Read it from the end |
| abhyanujñā (अभ्यनुज्ञा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | abhyanujña (अभ्यनुज्ञ) |
The phrases
niyama-hetu-abhāvāt (नियम-हेतु-अभावात्) is a compound: a restriction, a reason, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. yathā-darśanam (यथा-दर्शनम्) is a compound: as, and seeing. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
abhyanujñā (अभ्यनुज्ञा) is abhyanujña (अभ्यनुज्ञ). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular.
Sanskrit in this line
niyama-hetu-abhāvāt (नियम-हेतु-अभावात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss niyama-hetu-abhāvāt (नियम-हेतु-अभावात्) and yathā-darśanam (यथा-दर्शनम्).