3.2.31
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.31
आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञताभिः च न संयोगविशेषः
ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ ca na saṃyogaviśeṣaḥ
The line
By means of ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñata (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञत) and, not a compound: conjunction, and a difference.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. smaraṇa-kāla-aniyamāt (स्मरण-काल-अनियमात्) from 3.2.30 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञताभिः) + ca (च) + na (न) + saṃyoga-viśeṣaḥ (संयोग-विशेषः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञताभिः) | instrumental plural | ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñata (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञत) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| saṃyoga-viśeṣaḥ (संयोग-विशेषः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: conjunction, and a difference. Read it from the end |
The phrases
ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञताभिः) is ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñata (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञत). It stands as instrumental plural. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. saṃyoga-viśeṣaḥ (संयोग-विशेषः) is a compound: conjunction, and a difference. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञताभिः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ātmapreraṇa-yadṛcchā-jñatābhiḥ (आत्मप्रेरण-यदृच्छा-ज्ञताभिः) and saṃyoga-viśeṣaḥ (संयोग-विशेषः).