3.2.38
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.38
यथोक्तहेतुत्वात् पारतन्त्र्यातकृताभ्यागमात् च न मनसः
yathoktahetutvāt pāratantryāt akṛtābhyāgamāt ca na manasaḥ
The line
Because of a compound: as stated, a reason, and the state of being that, because of pāratantrya (पारतन्त्र्य), because of akṛtābhyāgama (अकृताभ्यागम) and, not the mind.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: yathokta-hetu-tvāt (यथोक्त-हेतु-त्वात्) + pāratantryāt (पारतन्त्र्यात्) + akṛtābhyāgamāt (अकृताभ्यागमात्) + ca (च) + na (न) + manasaḥ (मनसः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yathokta-hetu-tvāt (यथोक्त-हेतु-त्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: as stated, a reason, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
| pāratantryāt (पारतन्त्र्यात्) | ablative singular | pāratantrya (पारतन्त्र्य) |
| akṛtābhyāgamāt (अकृताभ्यागमात्) | ablative singular | akṛtābhyāgama (अकृताभ्यागम) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| manasaḥ (मनसः) | nominative singular, masculine | the mind |
The phrases
yathokta-hetu-tvāt (यथोक्त-हेतु-त्वात्) is a compound: as stated, a reason, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. pāratantryāt (पारतन्त्र्यात्) is pāratantrya (पारतन्त्र्य). It stands as ablative singular. akṛtābhyāgamāt (अकृताभ्यागमात्) is akṛtābhyāgama (अकृताभ्यागम). It stands as ablative singular.
ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. manasaḥ (मनसः) is the mind. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
yathokta-hetu-tvāt (यथोक्त-हेतु-त्वात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss yathokta-hetu-tvāt (यथोक्त-हेतु-त्वात्) and pāratantryāt (पारतन्त्र्यात्).