3.2.44
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.2.44
हेतूपादानात् प्रतिषेद्धव्याभ्यनुज्ञा
hetūpādānāt pratiṣeddhavyābhyanujñā
The line
Because of hetūpādāna (हेतूपादान), a compound: toward, against, ṣeddha (षेद्ध), vyābhya (व्याभ्य), and nujña (नुज्ञ).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The line is short. avyakta-grahaṇam (अव्यक्त-ग्रहणम्) from 3.2.43 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: hetūpādānāt (हेतूपादानात्) + prati-ṣeddha-vyābhya-nujñā (प्रति-षेद्ध-व्याभ्य-नुज्ञा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetūpādānāt (हेतूपादानात्) | ablative singular | hetūpādāna (हेतूपादान) |
| prati-ṣeddha-vyābhya-nujñā (प्रति-षेद्ध-व्याभ्य-नुज्ञा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | a compound: toward, against, ṣeddha (षेद्ध), vyābhya (व्याभ्य), and nujña (नुज्ञ). Read it from the end |
The phrases
hetūpādānāt (हेतूपादानात्) is hetūpādāna (हेतूपादान). It stands as ablative singular.
prati-ṣeddha-vyābhya-nujñā (प्रति-षेद्ध-व्याभ्य-नुज्ञा) is a compound: toward, against, ṣeddha (षेद्ध), vyābhya (व्याभ्य), and nujña (नुज्ञ). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-ṣeddha-vyābhya-nujñā (प्रति-षेद्ध-व्याभ्य-नुज्ञा) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss hetūpādānāt (हेतूपादानात्) and prati-ṣeddha-vyābhya-nujñā (प्रति-षेद्ध-व्याभ्य-नुज्ञा).