4.1.17
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.17
न, विनष्टेभ्योऽनिष्पत्तेः
na, vinaṣṭebhyo 'niṣpatteḥ
The line
Not vinaṣṭebhya (विनष्टेभ्य), of aniṣpatta (अनिष्पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. atītānā-gatayoḥ (अतीताना-गतयोः) from 4.1.16 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: na (न) + vinaṣṭebhyo (विनष्टेभ्यो) + aniṣpatteḥ (अनिष्पत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vinaṣṭebhyo (विनष्टेभ्यो) | nominative singular, masculine | vinaṣṭebhya (विनष्टेभ्य) |
| aniṣpatteḥ (अनिष्पत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | aniṣpatta (अनिष्पत्त) |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vinaṣṭebhyo (विनष्टेभ्यो) is vinaṣṭebhya (विनष्टेभ्य). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
aniṣpatteḥ (अनिष्पत्तेः) is aniṣpatta (अनिष्पत्त). It stands as genitive or ablative singular. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vinaṣṭebhyo (विनष्टेभ्यो) and aniṣpatteḥ (अनिष्पत्तेः).
Next
4.1.18. A compound: order, nirde (निर्दे), śāda (शाद), and a denial.