4.1.20
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.20
न, पुरुषकर्माभावे फ्लानिष्पत्तेः
na, puruṣakarmābhāve phlāniṣpatteḥ
The line
Not in a compound: the person, action, and absence, of phlāniṣpatta (फ्लानिष्पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) from 4.1.19 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: na (न) + puruṣa-karma-abhāve (पुरुष-कर्म-अभावे) + phlāniṣpatteḥ (फ्लानिष्पत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| puruṣa-karma-abhāve (पुरुष-कर्म-अभावे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: the person, action, and absence. Read it from the end |
| phlāniṣpatteḥ (फ्लानिष्पत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | phlāniṣpatta (फ्लानिष्पत्त) |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. puruṣa-karma-abhāve (पुरुष-कर्म-अभावे) is a compound: the person, action, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
phlāniṣpatteḥ (फ्लानिष्पत्तेः) is phlāniṣpatta (फ्लानिष्पत्त). It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
puruṣa-karma-abhāve (पुरुष-कर्म-अभावे) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss puruṣa-karma-abhāve (पुरुष-कर्म-अभावे) and phlāniṣpatteḥ (फ्लानिष्पत्तेः).
Next
4.1.21. Because of tatkāritatva (तत्कारितत्व), a non-reason.