4.1.29
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.29
सर्वं नित्यम्, पञ्चभूतनित्यत्वात्
sarvaṃ nityam, pañcabhūtanityatvāt
The line
All, always, a compound: pañca (पञ्च), an element, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sarvaṃ (सर्वं) + nityam (नित्यम्) + pañca-bhūta-nitya-tvāta (पञ्च-भूत-नित्य-त्वात)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sarvaṃ (सर्वं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | all |
| nityam (नित्यम्) | indeclinable | always |
| pañca-bhūta-nitya-tvāta (पञ्च-भूत-नित्य-त्वात) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: pañca (पञ्च), an element, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात). Read it from the end |
The phrases
sarvaṃ (सर्वं) is all. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. nityam (नित्यम्) is always. It stands as indeclinable.
pañca-bhūta-nitya-tvāta (पञ्च-भूत-नित्य-त्वात) is a compound: pañca (पञ्च), an element, eternal, and tvāta (त्वात). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
Sanskrit in this line
pañca-bhūta-nitya-tvāta (पञ्च-भूत-नित्य-त्वात) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sarvaṃ (सर्वं) and nityam (नित्यम्).