4.1.37
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.37
सर्वमभावो भावेष्वितरेतराभावसिद्धेः
sarvam abhāvo bhāveṣvitaretarābhāvasiddheḥ
The line
All, absence, of a compound: bhāve (भावे), ṣvita (ष्वित), retarā (रेतरा), a state, and established.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sarvam (सर्वम्) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः) + bhāve-ṣvita-retarā-bhāva-siddheḥ (भावे-ष्वित-रेतरा-भाव-सिद्धेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sarvam (सर्वम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | all |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | absence |
| bhāve-ṣvita-retarā-bhāva-siddheḥ (भावे-ष्वित-रेतरा-भाव-सिद्धेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a compound: bhāve (भावे), ṣvita (ष्वित), retarā (रेतरा), a state, and established. Read it from the end |
The phrases
sarvam (सर्वम्) is all. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. abhāvaḥ (अभावः) is absence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it abhāvo (अभावो).
bhāve-ṣvita-retarā-bhāva-siddheḥ (भावे-ष्वित-रेतरा-भाव-सिद्धेः) is a compound: bhāve (भावे), ṣvita (ष्वित), retarā (रेतरा), a state, and established. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
bhāve-ṣvita-retarā-bhāva-siddheḥ (भावे-ष्वित-रेतरा-भाव-सिद्धेः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it abhāvo (अभावो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sarvam (सर्वम्) and abhāvaḥ (अभावः).
Next
4.1.38. Not of a compound: an own-nature, siddhe (सिद्धे), and rbhāva (र्भाव).