4.1.48
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.48
नासन्न सन्न सदसत्, सदसतोर्वैधर्मयात्
nāsanna sanna sadasat, sadasatorvaidharmayāt
The line
Not a compound: what is not, and not, being. sat before n, not sadasat (सदसत्), a compound: sada (सद), sato (सतो), rvai (र्वै), dharma, a property, and yāta (यात).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: na (न) + asat-na (असत्-न) + san (सन्) + na (न) + sadasat (सदसत्) + sada-sato-rvai-dharma-yāta (सद-सतो-र्वै-धर्म-यात)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| asat-na (असत्-न) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: what is not, and not. Read it from the end |
| san (सन्) | nominative singular, masculine | being. sat before n |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| sadasat (सदसत्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| sada-sato-rvai-dharma-yāta (सद-सतो-र्वै-धर्म-यात) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: sada (सद), sato (सतो), rvai (र्वै), dharma, a property, and yāta (यात). Read it from the end |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. asat-na (असत्-न) is a compound: what is not, and not. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. san (सन्) is being. sat before n. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as sanna. sadasat (सदसत्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. sada-sato-rvai-dharma-yāta (सद-सतो-र्वै-धर्म-यात) is a compound: sada (सद), sato (सतो), rvai (र्वै), dharma, a property, and yāta (यात). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
Sanskrit in this line
sada-sato-rvai-dharma-yāta (सद-सतो-र्वै-धर्म-यात) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as sanna.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss asat-na (असत्-न) and san (सन्).
Next
4.1.49. Because of a compound: arising, vyaya (व्यय), and seeing.