4.1.51
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.51
आश्रयव्यतिरेकाद् वृक्षफलोत्पत्तिवदित्यहेतुः
āśrayavyatirekād vṛkṣaphalotpattivad ityahetuḥ
The line
Because of a compound: a seat, a support, vyati (व्यति), and reka (रेक), a compound: a tree, a fruit, arising, the origin, and vada (वद) thus, a non-reason.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: āśraya-vyati-rekāt (आश्रय-व्यति-रेकात्) + vṛkṣa-phala-utpatti-vada (वृक्ष-फल-उत्पत्ति-वद) + ity (इत्य्) + ahetuḥ (अहेतुः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| āśraya-vyati-rekāt (आश्रय-व्यति-रेकात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a seat, a support, vyati (व्यति), and reka (रेक). Read it from the end |
| vṛkṣa-phala-utpatti-vada (वृक्ष-फल-उत्पत्ति-वद) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: a tree, a fruit, arising, the origin, and vada (वद). Read it from the end |
| ity (इत्य्) | indeclinable | thus. iti before a vowel |
| ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a non-reason |
The phrases
āśraya-vyati-rekāt (आश्रय-व्यति-रेकात्) is a compound: a seat, a support, vyati (व्यति), and reka (रेक). Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it āśrayavyatirekād (आश्रयव्यतिरेकाद्). vṛkṣa-phala-utpatti-vada (वृक्ष-फल-उत्पत्ति-वद) is a compound: a tree, a fruit, arising, the origin, and vada (वद). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
ity (इत्य्) is thus. iti before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. ahetuḥ (अहेतुः) is a non-reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line joins them as ityahetuḥ (इत्यहेतुः).
Sanskrit in this line
vṛkṣa-phala-utpatti-vada (वृक्ष-फल-उत्पत्ति-वद) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it āśrayavyatirekād (आश्रयव्यतिरेकाद्). The line joins them as ityahetuḥ (इत्यहेतुः).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss āśraya-vyati-rekāt (आश्रय-व्यति-रेकात्) and vṛkṣa-phala-utpatti-vada (वृक्ष-फल-उत्पत्ति-वद).
Next
4.1.52. A compound: prīte (प्रीते), rātmā (रात्मा), śraya (श्रय), tvāda (त्वाद), and a denial.