4.1.54
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.54
तत्सम्बन्धात् फलनिष्पत्तेस्तेषु फलवदुपचारः
tatsambandhāt phalaniṣpattesteṣu phalavadupacāraḥ
The line
Because of a compound: that, and a connection, in a compound: a fruit, niṣpa (निष्प), and ttesta (त्तेस्त), a compound: a fruit, vadu (वदु), and pacāra (पचार).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: tat-sambandhāt (तत्-सम्बन्धात्) + phala-niṣpa-ttesteṣu (फल-निष्प-त्तेस्तेषु) + phala-vadu-pacāraḥ (फल-वदु-पचारः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tat-sambandhāt (तत्-सम्बन्धात्) | ablative singular | a compound: that, and a connection. Read it from the end |
| phala-niṣpa-ttesteṣu (फल-निष्प-त्तेस्तेषु) | locative plural | a compound: a fruit, niṣpa (निष्प), and ttesta (त्तेस्त). Read it from the end |
| phala-vadu-pacāraḥ (फल-वदु-पचारः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: a fruit, vadu (वदु), and pacāra (पचार). Read it from the end |
The phrases
tat-sambandhāt (तत्-सम्बन्धात्) is a compound: that, and a connection. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. phala-niṣpa-ttesteṣu (फल-निष्प-त्तेस्तेषु) is a compound: a fruit, niṣpa (निष्प), and ttesta (त्तेस्त). Read it from the end. It stands as locative plural.
phala-vadu-pacāraḥ (फल-वदु-पचारः) is a compound: a fruit, vadu (वदु), and pacāra (पचार). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
phala-niṣpa-ttesteṣu (फल-निष्प-त्तेस्तेषु) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss tat-sambandhāt (तत्-सम्बन्धात्) and phala-niṣpa-ttesteṣu (फल-निष्प-त्तेस्तेषु).