4.1.55
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.55
विविधवाधनायोगाद् दुःखमेव जन्मोत्पत्तिः
vividhavādhanāyogād duḥkhameva janmotpattiḥ
The line
Because of a compound: vivi (विवि), dhavā (धवा), dhanā (धना), and a joining, pain just, janmotpatta (जन्मोत्पत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: vivi-dhavā-dhanā-yogāt (विवि-धवा-धना-योगात्) + duḥkham (दुःखम्) + eva (एव) + janmotpattiḥ (जन्मोत्पत्तिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vivi-dhavā-dhanā-yogāt (विवि-धवा-धना-योगात्) | ablative singular | a compound: vivi (विवि), dhavā (धवा), dhanā (धना), and a joining. Read it from the end |
| duḥkham (दुःखम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| janmotpattiḥ (जन्मोत्पत्तिः) | nominative singular | janmotpatta (जन्मोत्पत्त) |
The phrases
vivi-dhavā-dhanā-yogāt (विवि-धवा-धना-योगात्) is a compound: vivi (विवि), dhavā (धवा), dhanā (धना), and a joining. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it vividhavādhanāyogād (विविधवाधनायोगाद्). duḥkham (दुःखम्) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as duḥkhameva (दुःखमेव). janmotpattiḥ (जन्मोत्पत्तिः) is janmotpatta (जन्मोत्पत्त). It stands as nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
vivi-dhavā-dhanā-yogāt (विवि-धवा-धना-योगात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it vividhavādhanāyogād (विविधवाधनायोगाद्). The line joins them as duḥkhameva (दुःखमेव).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vivi-dhavā-dhanā-yogāt (विवि-धवा-धना-योगात्) and duḥkham (दुःखम्).