4.2.11
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.11
एकस्मिन् भेदाभावाद् भेदशब्दप्रयोगानुपपत्तेरप्रश्नः
ekasmin bhedābhāvād bhedaśabdaprayogānupapatterapraśnaḥ
The line
ekasmin (एकस्मिन्), because of a compound: a difference, and absence, a compound: a difference, a word, prayo (प्रयो), gānu (गानु), papa (पप), ttera (त्तेर), and praśna (प्रश्न).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: ekasmin (एकस्मिन्) + bheda-abhāvāt (भेद-अभावात्) + bheda-śabda-prayo-gānu-papa-ttera-praśnaḥ (भेद-शब्द-प्रयो-गानु-पप-त्तेर-प्रश्नः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ekasmin (एकस्मिन्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| bheda-abhāvāt (भेद-अभावात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a difference, and absence. Read it from the end |
| bheda-śabda-prayo-gānu-papa-ttera-praśnaḥ (भेद-शब्द-प्रयो-गानु-पप-त्तेर-प्रश्नः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: a difference, a word, prayo (प्रयो), gānu (गानु), papa (पप), ttera (त्तेर), and praśna (प्रश्न). Read it from the end |
The phrases
ekasmin (एकस्मिन्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. bheda-abhāvāt (भेद-अभावात्) is a compound: a difference, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it bhedābhāvād (भेदाभावाद्).
bheda-śabda-prayo-gānu-papa-ttera-praśnaḥ (भेद-शब्द-प्रयो-गानु-पप-त्तेर-प्रश्नः) is a compound: a difference, a word, prayo (प्रयो), gānu (गानु), papa (पप), ttera (त्तेर), and praśna (प्रश्न). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
bheda-śabda-prayo-gānu-papa-ttera-praśnaḥ (भेद-शब्द-प्रयो-गानु-पप-त्तेर-प्रश्नः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it bhedābhāvād (भेदाभावाद्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ekasmin (एकस्मिन्) and bheda-abhāvāt (भेद-अभावात्).