4.2.12
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.12
अवयवान्तरभावेऽप्यवृत्तेरहेतुः
avayavāntarabhāve 'pyavṛtterahetuḥ
The line
In a compound: a part, a difference, an interval, and a state, apyavṛtteraheta (अप्यवृत्तेरहेत).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. ekasmin (एकस्मिन्) from 4.2.11 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: avayava-antara-bhāve (अवयव-अन्तर-भावे) + apyavṛtterahetuḥ (अप्यवृत्तेरहेतुः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avayava-antara-bhāve (अवयव-अन्तर-भावे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: a part, a difference, an interval, and a state. Read it from the end |
| apyavṛtterahetuḥ (अप्यवृत्तेरहेतुः) | nominative singular | apyavṛtteraheta (अप्यवृत्तेरहेत) |
The phrases
avayava-antara-bhāve (अवयव-अन्तर-भावे) is a compound: a part, a difference, an interval, and a state. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
apyavṛtterahetuḥ (अप्यवृत्तेरहेतुः) is apyavṛtteraheta (अप्यवृत्तेरहेत). It stands as nominative singular. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Sanskrit in this line
avayava-antara-bhāve (अवयव-अन्तर-भावे) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss avayava-antara-bhāve (अवयव-अन्तर-भावे) and apyavṛtterahetuḥ (अप्यवृत्तेरहेतुः).
Next
4.2.13. In keśasamūha (केशसमूह), taimirikopalabdhivat (तैमिरिकोपलब्धिवत्), tadupalabdha (तदुपलब्ध).