4.2.20
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.20
अन्तर्बहिश्च कार्यद्रव्यस्य कारणान्तरवचनादकार्ये तदभावः
antarbahiśca kāryadravyasya kāraṇāntaravacanādakārye tadabhāvaḥ
The line
antarbahiśca (अन्तर्बहिश्च), of a compound: an effect, and a substance, in a compound: a cause, a difference, an interval, vaca (वच), nāda (नाद), and an effect, that, absence.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: antarbahiśca (अन्तर्बहिश्च) + kārya-dravyasya (कार्य-द्रव्यस्य) + kāraṇa-antara-vaca-nāda-kārye (कारण-अन्तर-वच-नाद-कार्ये) + tad (तद्) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| antarbahiśca (अन्तर्बहिश्च) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| kārya-dravyasya (कार्य-द्रव्यस्य) | genitive singular | a compound: an effect, and a substance. Read it from the end |
| kāraṇa-antara-vaca-nāda-kārye (कारण-अन्तर-वच-नाद-कार्ये) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: a cause, a difference, an interval, vaca (वच), nāda (नाद), and an effect. Read it from the end |
| tad (तद्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | absence |
The phrases
antarbahiśca (अन्तर्बहिश्च) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. kārya-dravyasya (कार्य-द्रव्यस्य) is a compound: an effect, and a substance. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive singular. kāraṇa-antara-vaca-nāda-kārye (कारण-अन्तर-वच-नाद-कार्ये) is a compound: a cause, a difference, an interval, vaca (वच), nāda (नाद), and an effect. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
tad (तद्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. abhāvaḥ (अभावः) is absence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line joins them as tadabhāvaḥ (तदभावः).
Sanskrit in this line
kāraṇa-antara-vaca-nāda-kārye (कारण-अन्तर-वच-नाद-कार्ये) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as tadabhāvaḥ (तदभावः).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss antarbahiśca (अन्तर्बहिश्च) and kārya-dravyasya (कार्य-द्रव्यस्य).
Next
4.2.21. A compound: a word, conjunction, and vibhāvācca (विभावाच्च), a compound: all, and gone.