4.2.31
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.31
स्वप्नविषयाभिमानवदयं प्रमाणप्रमेयाभिमानः
svapnaviṣayābhimānavadayaṃ pramāṇaprameyābhimānaḥ
The line
A compound: dream, viṣa (विष), yābhi (याभि), a measure, a means of knowing, and vadaya (वदय), a compound: a means, prame (प्रमे), yābhi (याभि), and a measure, a means of knowing.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. pramāṇānupapattyupapattibhyām (प्रमाणानुपपत्त्युपपत्तिभ्याम्) from 4.2.30 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: svapna-viṣa-yābhi-māna-vadayaṃ (स्वप्न-विष-याभि-मान-वदयं) + pramāṇa-prame-yābhi-mānaḥ (प्रमाण-प्रमे-याभि-मानः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svapna-viṣa-yābhi-māna-vadayaṃ (स्वप्न-विष-याभि-मान-वदयं) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: dream, viṣa (विष), yābhi (याभि), a measure, a means of knowing, and vadaya (वदय). Read it from the end |
| pramāṇa-prame-yābhi-mānaḥ (प्रमाण-प्रमे-याभि-मानः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: a means, prame (प्रमे), yābhi (याभि), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end |
The phrases
svapna-viṣa-yābhi-māna-vadayaṃ (स्वप्न-विष-याभि-मान-वदयं) is a compound: dream, viṣa (विष), yābhi (याभि), a measure, a means of knowing, and vadaya (वदय). Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine.
pramāṇa-prame-yābhi-mānaḥ (प्रमाण-प्रमे-याभि-मानः) is a compound: a means, prame (प्रमे), yābhi (याभि), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
svapna-viṣa-yābhi-māna-vadayaṃ (स्वप्न-विष-याभि-मान-वदयं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss svapna-viṣa-yābhi-māna-vadayaṃ (स्वप्न-विष-याभि-मान-वदयं) and pramāṇa-prame-yābhi-mānaḥ (प्रमाण-प्रमे-याभि-मानः).