4.2.46
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.46
तदर्थं यमनियमाभ्यासात्मसंस्कारो योगाच्चाध्यात्मविध्युपायैः
tadarthaṃ yamaniyamābhyāsātmasaṃskāro yogāccādhyātmavidhyupāyaiḥ
The line
That, the thing, for the sake of, a compound: yama (यम), niya (निय), mābhyā (माभ्या), sātma (सात्म), and a compounded thing, by means of a compound: yogā (योगा), ccādhyātma (च्चाध्यात्म), an injunction, and upāya (उपाय).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: tad (तद्) + arthaṃ (अर्थं) + yama-niya-mābhyā-sātma-saṃskāraḥ (यम-निय-माभ्या-सात्म-संस्कारः) + yogā-ccādhyātma-vidhi-upāyaiḥ (योगा-च्चाध्यात्म-विधि-उपायैः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tad (तद्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
| arthaṃ (अर्थं) | accusative singular | the thing, for the sake of |
| yama-niya-mābhyā-sātma-saṃskāraḥ (यम-निय-माभ्या-सात्म-संस्कारः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: yama (यम), niya (निय), mābhyā (माभ्या), sātma (सात्म), and a compounded thing. Read it from the end |
| yogā-ccādhyātma-vidhi-upāyaiḥ (योगा-च्चाध्यात्म-विधि-उपायैः) | instrumental plural | a compound: yogā (योगा), ccādhyātma (च्चाध्यात्म), an injunction, and upāya (उपाय). Read it from the end |
The phrases
tad (तद्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. arthaṃ (अर्थं) is the thing, for the sake of. It stands as accusative singular. The line joins them as tadarthaṃ (तदर्थं).
yama-niya-mābhyā-sātma-saṃskāraḥ (यम-निय-माभ्या-सात्म-संस्कारः) is a compound: yama (यम), niya (निय), mābhyā (माभ्या), sātma (सात्म), and a compounded thing. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it yamaniyamābhyāsātmasaṃskāro (यमनियमाभ्यासात्मसंस्कारो). yogā-ccādhyātma-vidhi-upāyaiḥ (योगा-च्चाध्यात्म-विधि-उपायैः) is a compound: yogā (योगा), ccādhyātma (च्चाध्यात्म), an injunction, and upāya (उपाय). Read it from the end. It stands as instrumental plural.
Sanskrit in this line
yama-niya-mābhyā-sātma-saṃskāraḥ (यम-निय-माभ्या-सात्म-संस्कारः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as tadarthaṃ (तदर्थं). The line writes it yamaniyamābhyāsātmasaṃskāro (यमनियमाभ्यासात्मसंस्कारो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss arthaṃ (अर्थं) and yama-niya-mābhyā-sātma-saṃskāraḥ (यम-निय-माभ्या-सात्म-संस्कारः).