4.2.49
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.49
प्रतिपक्षहीनमपि वा प्रयोजनार्थमर्थित्वे
pratipakṣahīnam api vā prayojanārthamarthitve
The line
A compound: a counter-thesis, and hīna (हीन) even or, in a compound: a purpose, a thing, a meaning, and marthitva (मर्थित्व).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. taṃ (तं) from 4.2.48 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: pratipakṣa-hīnam (प्रतिपक्ष-हीनम्) + api (अपि) + vā (वा) + prayojana-artha-marthitve (प्रयोजन-अर्थ-मर्थित्वे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratipakṣa-hīnam (प्रतिपक्ष-हीनम्) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: a counter-thesis, and hīna (हीन). Read it from the end |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
| prayojana-artha-marthitve (प्रयोजन-अर्थ-मर्थित्वे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: a purpose, a thing, a meaning, and marthitva (मर्थित्व). Read it from the end |
The phrases
pratipakṣa-hīnam (प्रतिपक्ष-हीनम्) is a compound: a counter-thesis, and hīna (हीन). Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable.
vā (वा) is or. It stands as indeclinable. prayojana-artha-marthitve (प्रयोजन-अर्थ-मर्थित्वे) is a compound: a purpose, a thing, a meaning, and marthitva (मर्थित्व). Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
prayojana-artha-marthitve (प्रयोजन-अर्थ-मर्थित्वे) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pratipakṣa-hīnam (प्रतिपक्ष-हीनम्) and prayojana-artha-marthitve (प्रयोजन-अर्थ-मर्थित्वे).