4.2.5
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.5
तदसंशयः, पूर्वहेतुप्रसिद्धत्वात्
tadasaṃśayaḥ, pūrvahetuprasiddhatvāt
The line
A compound: tada (तद), and doubt, because of a compound: the earlier, a reason, already familiar, and the state of being that.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. vidyā-avidyā-dvai-vidhyāt (विद्या-अविद्या-द्वै-विध्यात्) from 4.2.4 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: tada-saṃśayaḥ (तद-संशयः) + pūrva-hetu-prasiddha-tvāt (पूर्व-हेतु-प्रसिद्ध-त्वात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tada-saṃśayaḥ (तद-संशयः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: tada (तद), and doubt. Read it from the end |
| pūrva-hetu-prasiddha-tvāt (पूर्व-हेतु-प्रसिद्ध-त्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: the earlier, a reason, already familiar, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
The phrases
tada-saṃśayaḥ (तद-संशयः) is a compound: tada (तद), and doubt. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
pūrva-hetu-prasiddha-tvāt (पूर्व-हेतु-प्रसिद्ध-त्वात्) is a compound: the earlier, a reason, already familiar, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
pūrva-hetu-prasiddha-tvāt (पूर्व-हेतु-प्रसिद्ध-त्वात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss tada-saṃśayaḥ (तद-संशयः) and pūrva-hetu-prasiddha-tvāt (पूर्व-हेतु-प्रसिद्ध-त्वात्).