4.2.4
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.2.4
विद्याविद्याद्वैविध्यात् संशयः
vidyāvidyādvaividhyāt saṃśayaḥ
The line
Because of a compound: knowing, not-knowing, dvai (द्वै), and vidhya (विध्य), doubt.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. tat-nimittaṃ (तत्-निमित्तं) from 4.2.3 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: vidyā-avidyā-dvai-vidhyāt (विद्या-अविद्या-द्वै-विध्यात्) + saṃśayaḥ (संशयः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vidyā-avidyā-dvai-vidhyāt (विद्या-अविद्या-द्वै-विध्यात्) | ablative singular | a compound: knowing, not-knowing, dvai (द्वै), and vidhya (विध्य). Read it from the end |
| saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) | nominative singular, masculine | doubt |
The phrases
vidyā-avidyā-dvai-vidhyāt (विद्या-अविद्या-द्वै-विध्यात्) is a compound: knowing, not-knowing, dvai (द्वै), and vidhya (विध्य). Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) is doubt. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
vidyā-avidyā-dvai-vidhyāt (विद्या-अविद्या-द्वै-विध्यात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vidyā-avidyā-dvai-vidhyāt (विद्या-अविद्या-द्वै-विध्यात्) and saṃśayaḥ (संशयः).