5.1.9
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.1.9
दृष्टान्तस्य कारणानपदेशात् प्रत्यवस्थानाच्च प्रतिदृष्टान्तेन प्रसङ्गप्रतिदृष्टान्तसमौ
dṛṣṭāntasya kāraṇānapadeśāt pratyavasthānācca pratidṛṣṭāntena prasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntasamau
The line
Of an example, because of a compound: kāra (कार), ṇānapa (णानप), and a place, a compound: toward, against, avasthā (अवस्था), and nācca (नाच्च), by means of a compound: toward, against, and an example, a compound: an unwanted consequence, toward, against, an example, and an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. The false rejoinders, called jāti (जाति), and the points on which a debate is lost. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: dṛṣṭāntasya (दृष्टान्तस्य) + kāra-ṇānapa-deśāt (कार-णानप-देशात्) + prati-avasthā-nācca (प्रति-अवस्था-नाच्च) + prati-dṛṣṭāntena (प्रति-दृष्टान्तेन) + prasaṅga-prati-dṛṣṭānta-samau (प्रसङ्ग-प्रति-दृष्टान्त-समौ)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dṛṣṭāntasya (दृष्टान्तस्य) | genitive singular | an example |
| kāra-ṇānapa-deśāt (कार-णानप-देशात्) | ablative singular | a compound: kāra (कार), ṇānapa (णानप), and a place. Read it from the end |
| prati-avasthā-nācca (प्रति-अवस्था-नाच्च) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: toward, against, avasthā (अवस्था), and nācca (नाच्च). Read it from the end |
| prati-dṛṣṭāntena (प्रति-दृष्टान्तेन) | instrumental singular | a compound: toward, against, and an example. Read it from the end |
| prasaṅga-prati-dṛṣṭānta-samau (प्रसङ्ग-प्रति-दृष्टान्त-समौ) | nominative or accusative dual, masculine | a compound: an unwanted consequence, toward, against, an example, and an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back. Read it from the end |
The phrases
dṛṣṭāntasya (दृष्टान्तस्य) is an example. It stands as genitive singular. kāra-ṇānapa-deśāt (कार-णानप-देशात्) is a compound: kāra (कार), ṇānapa (णानप), and a place. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. prati-avasthā-nācca (प्रति-अवस्था-नाच्च) is a compound: toward, against, avasthā (अवस्था), and nācca (नाच्च). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
prati-dṛṣṭāntena (प्रति-दृष्टान्तेन) is a compound: toward, against, and an example. Read it from the end. It stands as instrumental singular. prasaṅga-prati-dṛṣṭānta-samau (प्रसङ्ग-प्रति-दृष्टान्त-समौ) is a compound: an unwanted consequence, toward, against, an example, and an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
prasaṅga-prati-dṛṣṭānta-samau (प्रसङ्ग-प्रति-दृष्टान्त-समौ) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dṛṣṭāntasya (दृष्टान्तस्य) and kāra-ṇānapa-deśāt (कार-णानप-देशात्).