5.2.12
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.2.12
हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयवेन न्यूनम्
hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena nyūnam
The line
By means of hīnamanyatamenāpyavayava (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयव), nyūna (न्यून).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. The false rejoinders, called jāti (जाति), and the points on which a debate is lost. The line is short. avayava-viparyāsa-vacana-maprāpta-kālam (अवयव-विपर्यास-वचन-मप्राप्त-कालम्) from 5.2.11 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयवेन) + nyūnam (न्यूनम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयवेन) | instrumental singular | hīnamanyatamenāpyavayava (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयव) |
| nyūnam (न्यूनम्) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | nyūna (न्यून) |
The phrases
hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयवेन) is hīnamanyatamenāpyavayava (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयव). It stands as instrumental singular.
nyūnam (न्यूनम्) is nyūna (न्यून). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयवेन) is instrumental singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena (हीनमन्यतमेनाप्यवयवेन) and nyūnam (न्यूनम्).