5.2.2
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.2.2
प्रतिदृष्टान्तधर्माभ्यनुज्ञा स्वदृष्टान्ते प्रतिज्ञाहानिः
pratidṛṣṭāntadharmābhyanujñā svadṛṣṭānte pratijñāhāniḥ
The line
A compound: toward, against, an example, dharmā (धर्मा), bhya (भ्य), and nujña (नुज्ञ), in a compound: one's own, and an example, a compound: a thesis, and abandonment.
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. The false rejoinders, called jāti (जाति), and the points on which a debate is lost. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: prati-dṛṣṭānta-dharmā-bhya-nujñā (प्रति-दृष्टान्त-धर्मा-भ्य-नुज्ञा) + sva-dṛṣṭānte (स्व-दृष्टान्ते) + pratijñā-hāniḥ (प्रतिज्ञा-हानिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prati-dṛṣṭānta-dharmā-bhya-nujñā (प्रति-दृष्टान्त-धर्मा-भ्य-नुज्ञा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | a compound: toward, against, an example, dharmā (धर्मा), bhya (भ्य), and nujña (नुज्ञ). Read it from the end |
| sva-dṛṣṭānte (स्व-दृष्टान्ते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: one's own, and an example. Read it from the end |
| pratijñā-hāniḥ (प्रतिज्ञा-हानिः) | nominative singular | a compound: a thesis, and abandonment. Read it from the end |
The phrases
prati-dṛṣṭānta-dharmā-bhya-nujñā (प्रति-दृष्टान्त-धर्मा-भ्य-नुज्ञा) is a compound: toward, against, an example, dharmā (धर्मा), bhya (भ्य), and nujña (नुज्ञ). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. sva-dṛṣṭānte (स्व-दृष्टान्ते) is a compound: one's own, and an example. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
pratijñā-hāniḥ (प्रतिज्ञा-हानिः) is a compound: a thesis, and abandonment. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-dṛṣṭānta-dharmā-bhya-nujñā (प्रति-दृष्टान्त-धर्मा-भ्य-नुज्ञा) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss prati-dṛṣṭānta-dharmā-bhya-nujñā (प्रति-दृष्टान्त-धर्मा-भ्य-नुज्ञा) and sva-dṛṣṭānte (स्व-दृष्टान्ते).