Speech and sound / Saṅgītaratnākara / 1.2.1 Song, instrument, dance
1.2.1
The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर)
गीतं नादात्मकं वाद्यं नादव्यक्त्या प्रशस्यते ।
तद्द्वयानुगतं नृत्तं नादाधीनमतस्त्रयम् gītaṃ nādātmakaṃ vādyaṃ nādavyaktyā praśasyate |
taddvayānugataṃ nṛttaṃ nādādhīnamatastrayam
The line
Song has nāda (नाद) as its own form. What is played is praised by nāda (नाद)'s becoming manifest. Dance follows those two. Therefore the three depend on nāda (नाद).
नेपालीमा
गीतको आफ्नै रूप नाद हो, र बजाइएको कुरा नाद प्रकट भएर प्रशंसित हुन्छ। नृत्य ती दुईलाई पछ्याउँछ, त्यसैले तीनै नादमा अडिएका छन्।
Where it sits
This is the first verse of Piṇḍotpatti (पिण्डोत्पत्ति), the second prakaraṇa (प्रकरण) of the svaragatādhyāya (स्वरगताध्याय). The prakaraṇa (प्रकरण) is about to describe the body. The reason is the next two verses: nāda (नाद) appears in the body. The commentary quotes Mataṅga (मतङ्ग), na nādena vinā gītam (न नादेन विना गीतम्). That line is his. This verse is Śārṅgadeva (शार्ङ्गदेव)'s.
Split: gītam (गीतम्) + nāda-ātmakam (नाद-आत्मकम्) + vādyam (वाद्यम्) + nāda-vyaktyā (नाद-व्यक्त्या) + praśasyate (प्रशस्यते) + tad-dvaya-anugatam (तद्-द्वय-अनुगतम्) + nṛttam (नृत्तम्) + nāda-adhīnam (नाद-अधीनम्) + ataḥ (अतः) + trayam (त्रयम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| gītam (गीतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Song. |
| nāda-ātmakam (नाद-आत्मकम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Whose own form is nāda (नाद). Agrees with gītam (गीतम्). Heard nādātmakam (नादात्मकम्). |
| vādyam (वाद्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | What is played. The instrument, as the thing sounded. |
| nāda-vyaktyā (नाद-व्यक्त्या) | instrumental singular, feminine | By the manifestation of nāda (नाद). vyakti (व्यक्ति), becoming manifest. |
| praśasyate (प्रशस्यते) | present, third person singular, passive | Is praised, is found excellent. |
| tad-dvaya-anugatam (तद्-द्वय-अनुगतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Following those two. tad (तद्), that. dvaya (द्वय), a pair. anugata (अनुगत), gone along after. Agrees with nṛttam (नृत्तम्). |
| nṛttam (नृत्तम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Dance. |
| nāda-adhīnam (नाद-अधीनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Dependent on nāda (नाद). Agrees with trayam (त्रयम्). |
| ataḥ (अतः) | indeclinable | Therefore. |
| trayam (त्रयम्) | nominative singular, neuter | The three: song, instrument, and dance. |
The phrases
Song is nāda (नाद) in its own form. The instrument becomes praiseworthy when nāda (नाद) is manifest. Dance follows the two.
Nādādhīnam (नादाधीनम्) agrees with trayam (त्रयम्), not with dance alone. The three depend on nāda (नाद).
Sanskrit in this line
Nāda (नाद) plus ātmakam (आत्मकम्) joins as nādātmakam (नादात्मकम्). Short a (अ) plus short a (अ) is ā (आ). The same join makes nādādhīnam (नादाधीनम्) and taddvayānugatam (तद्द्वयानुगतम्).
Nādādhīnam (नादाधीनम्) plus ataḥ (अतः) plus trayam (त्रयम्) is heard nādādhīnamatastrayam (नादाधीनमतस्त्रयम्). A final m (म्) before a vowel becomes the consonant m (म्) and takes that vowel.
Say it back
Name the three, and say which word carries the dependence on nāda (नाद).