Speech and sound / Saṅgītaratnākara / 1.3.7 Mandra, madhya, tāra
1.3.7
The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर)
व्यवहारे त्वसौ त्रेधा हृदि मन्द्रोऽभिधीयते ।
कण्ठे मध्यो मूर्ध्नि तारो द्विगुणश्चोत्तरोत्तरः vyavahāre tvasau tredhā hṛdi mandro 'bhidhīyate |
kaṇṭhe madhyo mūrdhni tāro dviguṇaścottarottaraḥ
The line
In practice, though, that nāda (नाद) is threefold. In the heart it is called mandra (मन्द्र), in the throat madhya (मध्य), in the head tāra (तार), and each next one is double.
नेपालीमा
प्रयोगमा भने त्यो नाद तीन प्रकारको हुन्छ। हृदयमा त्यसलाई मन्द्र, कण्ठमा मध्य र शिरमा तार भनिन्छ, र पछिको प्रत्येक दोब्बर हुन्छ।
Where it sits
The next verses of this prakaraṇa (प्रकरण) divide nāda (नाद) into twenty-two śrutis (श्रुति), and they set the demonstration on two vīṇā (वीणा). Those verses are not sat. Mandra (मन्द्र), madhya (मध्य), and tāra (तार) are the three a singer still names. Sangeet Yatra is where they are practiced. The five places of 1.3.4 stay in the account this verse has just set beside.
Split: vyavahāre (व्यवहारे) + tu (तु) + asau (असौ) + tredhā (त्रेधा) + hṛdi (हृदि) + mandraḥ (मन्द्रः) + abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते) + kaṇṭhe (कण्ठे) + madhyaḥ (मध्यः) + mūrdhni (मूर्ध्नि) + tāraḥ (तारः) + dvi-guṇaḥ (द्वि-गुणः) + ca (च) + uttarottaraḥ (उत्तरोत्तरः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vyavahāre (व्यवहारे) | locative singular, masculine | In practice. The commentary takes this as the practice of singing. |
| tu (तु) | indeclinable | But, marking the turn from the five names to the three. Heard inside tvasau (त्वसौ): tu (तु) plus asau (असौ). |
| asau (असौ) | nominative singular, masculine | That one. Nāda (नाद). |
| tredhā (त्रेधा) | indeclinable | In three ways. |
| hṛdi (हृदि) | locative singular, neuter | In the heart. |
| mandraḥ (मन्द्रः) | nominative singular, masculine | The low one. Heard mandro (मन्द्रो) before abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते). |
| abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते) | present, third person singular, passive | Is called. |
| kaṇṭhe (कण्ठे) | locative singular, masculine | In the throat. |
| madhyaḥ (मध्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | The middle one. Heard madhyo (मध्यो) before mūrdhni (मूर्ध्नि). |
| mūrdhni (मूर्ध्नि) | locative singular, neuter | In the head. mūrdhan (मूर्धन्). |
| tāraḥ (तारः) | nominative singular, masculine | The high one. Heard tāro (तारो) before dviguṇaḥ (द्विगुणः). |
| dvi-guṇaḥ (द्वि-गुणः) | nominative singular, masculine | Double. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. Heard inside dviguṇaścottarottaraḥ (द्विगुणश्चोत्तरोत्तरः). |
| uttarottaraḥ (उत्तरोत्तरः) | nominative singular, masculine | Each next one. The middle is double the low, and the high is double the middle. |
The phrases
Tu (तु) sets this threefold account beside the five names. In practice, three places remain: heart, throat, head.
Dviguṇaś cottarottaraḥ (द्विगुणश् चोत्तरोत्तरः) is the measure. Each next register is double the one before it.
Sanskrit in this line
Tu (तु) plus asau (असौ) is tvasau (त्वसौ). u (उ) plus a (अ) is va (व).
Mandraḥ (मन्द्रः) plus abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते) is mandro 'bhidhīyate (मन्द्रोऽभिधीयते).
Madhyaḥ (मध्यः) before mūrdhni (मूर्ध्नि). A visarga after short a (अ), before a voiced consonant, is heard as o (ओ): madhyo mūrdhni (मध्यो मूर्ध्नि). The same join makes tāro dviguṇaḥ (तारो द्विगुणः).
Dviguṇaḥ (द्विगुणः) plus ca (च) plus uttarottaraḥ (उत्तरोत्तरः). Visarga before ca (च) is ś (श्), and ca (च) plus u (उ) is co (चो): dviguṇaścottarottaraḥ (द्विगुणश्चोत्तरोत्तरः).
Say it back
Say the three registers, the place of each, and what dviguṇa (द्विगुण) is doing.