Speech and sound / Saṅgītaratnākara / 1.3.3 Wanting to speak
1.3.3
The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर)
आत्मा विवक्षमाणोऽयं मनः प्रेरयते मनः ।
देहस्थं वह्निमाहन्ति स प्रेरयति मारुतम् ātmā vivakṣamāṇo 'yaṃ manaḥ prerayate manaḥ |
dehasthaṃ vahnim āhanti sa prerayati mārutam
The line
This self, wanting to speak, impels the mind. The mind strikes the fire stationed in the body. That fire impels the wind.
नेपालीमा
बोल्न चाहेको यो आत्मा मनलाई प्रेरित गर्छ। मनले शरीरमा रहेको आगोलाई प्रहार गर्छ र त्यो आगोले वायुलाई प्रेरित गर्छ।
Where it sits
1.3.4 follows the wind. Saḥ (सः) there is this māruta (मारुत), unless a later word replaces it. The wish to speak is the start of the path. The verse does not yet say where in the body the fire sits. The next verse starts the wind at the brahma-granthi (ब्रह्म-ग्रन्थि).
Split: ātmā (आत्मा) + vivakṣamāṇaḥ (विवक्षमाणः) + ayam (अयम्) + manaḥ (मनः) + prerayate (प्रेरयते) + manaḥ (मनः) + deha-stham (देह-स्थम्) + vahnim (वह्निम्) + āhanti (आहन्ति) + saḥ (सः) + prerayati (प्रेरयति) + mārutam (मारुतम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ātmā (आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The self. Here, the one in the body who wants to speak. |
| vivakṣamāṇaḥ (विवक्षमाणः) | nominative singular, masculine | Wanting to speak. Present participle, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), of the desiderative of the root vac (वच्). The desiderative stem is vivakṣa (विवक्ष). |
| ayam (अयम्) | nominative singular, masculine | This. With the participle: vivakṣamāṇo 'yam (विवक्षमाणोऽयम्). |
| manaḥ (मनः) | accusative singular, neuter | The mind. Object of prerayate (प्रेरयते). First use. |
| prerayate (प्रेरयते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | Impels. Causative of pra (प्र) and the root īr (ईर्). The self is the subject. |
| manaḥ (मनः) | nominative singular, neuter | The mind. Second use, now the subject of āhanti (आहन्ति). |
| deha-stham (देह-स्थम्) | accusative singular, masculine | Stationed in the body. Agrees with vahnim (वह्निम्). |
| vahnim (वह्निम्) | accusative singular, masculine | Fire. |
| āhanti (आहन्ति) | present, third person singular | Strikes. From ā (आ) and the root han (हन्). |
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | That one. The fire, just named. Before prerayati (प्रेरयति) the visarga is the light one heard as sa (स). |
| prerayati (प्रेरयति) | present, third person singular, parasmaipada | Impels. Same causative, now with a parasmaipada ending. The fire is the subject. |
| mārutam (मारुतम्) | accusative singular, masculine | The wind. |
The phrases
Three pushes. The self impels the mind. The mind strikes the fire. The fire impels the wind.
Manaḥ (मनः) is used twice. First it is the object. Then it is the subject. The form is the same.
Sanskrit in this line
Vivakṣamāṇaḥ (विवक्षमाणः) is a desiderative participle. The root vac (वच्) wants to speak, and the middle sa (स) of the desiderative is in the stem vivakṣa (विवक्ष).
The same causative appears as prerayate (प्रेरयते) and as prerayati (प्रेरयति). The first is ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), with the self as subject. The second is parasmaipada, with the fire as subject.
Say it back
Close the page and say the three pushes in order: self, mind, fire, wind.