Speech and sound / Saṅgītaratnākara / 1.2.3 Struck and unstruck
1.2.3
The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर)
आहतोऽनाहतश्चेति द्विधा नादो निगद्यते ।
सोऽयं प्रकाशते पिण्डे तस्मात् पिण्डोऽभिधीयते āhato 'nāhataśceti dvidhā nādo nigadyate |
so 'yaṃ prakāśate piṇḍe tasmāt piṇḍo 'bhidhīyate
The line
Nāda (नाद) is stated in two ways, struck and unstruck. This nāda (नाद) appears in the body. Therefore the body is taken up.
नेपालीमा
नाद ठोकिएको र नठोकिएको गरी दुई प्रकारले भनिन्छ, र यो नाद शरीरमा प्रकट हुन्छ। त्यसैले शरीरलाई लिइन्छ।
Where it sits
The rest of Piṇḍotpatti (पिण्डोत्पत्ति) is the body: winds, channels, how a human body arises. Those verses run to 167 and are not sat. The next sat verse opens the next prakaraṇa (प्रकरण), where nāda (नाद) is worshipped as Brahman (ब्रह्मन्). Anāhata (अनाहत) returns there as a practice. This verse only divides the word in two and gives the reason for describing the body.
Split: āhataḥ (आहतः) + anāhataḥ (अनाहतः) + ca (च) + iti (इति) + dvidhā (द्विधा) + nādaḥ (नादः) + nigadyate (निगद्यते) + saḥ (सः) + ayam (अयम्) + prakāśate (प्रकाशते) + piṇḍe (पिण्डे) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + piṇḍaḥ (पिण्डः) + abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| āhataḥ (आहतः) | nominative singular, masculine | Struck. Agrees with nādaḥ (नादः). |
| anāhataḥ (अनाहतः) | nominative singular, masculine | Not struck. The nāda (नाद) that is not produced by a blow. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | Marks the two names as what is being stated. |
| dvidhā (द्विधा) | indeclinable | In two ways. |
| nādaḥ (नादः) | nominative singular, masculine | Nāda (नाद). |
| nigadyate (निगद्यते) | present, third person singular, passive | Is stated. From ni (नि) and the root gad (गद्). |
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | That one. Nāda (नाद), just named. |
| ayam (अयम्) | nominative singular, masculine | This very one. With saḥ (सः): so 'yam (सोऽयम्). |
| prakāśate (प्रकाशते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | Appears, becomes manifest. |
| piṇḍe (पिण्डे) | locative singular, masculine | In the body. piṇḍa (पिण्ड) is the body as the embodied lump. |
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | indeclinable, from the ablative | Therefore. From that. |
| piṇḍaḥ (पिण्डः) | nominative singular, masculine | The body. Now the topic, not the place. |
| abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते) | present, third person singular, passive | Is taken up, is set down as the subject. From abhi (अभि) and the root dhā (धा). |
The phrases
Two kinds, struck and unstruck. Both are nāda (नाद).
That nāda (नाद) appears in the body. The body is the next subject because the sound shows there.
Sanskrit in this line
Āhataḥ (आहतः) plus anāhataḥ (अनाहतः) is āhato 'nāhataḥ (आहतोऽनाहतः). Visarga after short a (अ), before a vowel, becomes o (ओ), and the vowel's a (अ) drops.
Anāhataḥ (अनाहतः) plus ca (च) plus iti (इति) is anāhataśceti (अनाहतश्चेति). Visarga before ca (च) is ś (श्), and ca (च) plus iti (इति) joins.
Nādaḥ (नादः) plus nigadyate (निगद्यते) is nādo nigadyate (नादो निगद्यते). Visarga before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ).
Piṇḍaḥ (पिण्डः) plus abhidhīyate (अभिधीयते) is piṇḍo 'bhidhīyate (पिण्डोऽभिधीयते).
Say it back
Say the two kinds, and say why the body comes next.