Speech and sound / Saṅgītaratnākara / 1.3.5 Five names
1.3.5
The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर)
नादोऽतिसूक्ष्मः सूक्ष्मश्च पुष्टोऽपुष्टश्च कृत्रिमः ।
इति पञ्चाभिधा धत्ते पञ्चस्थानस्थितः क्रमात् nādo 'tisūkṣmaḥ sūkṣmaśca puṣṭo 'puṣṭaśca kṛtrimaḥ |
iti pañcābhidhā dhatte pañcasthānasthitaḥ kramāt
The line
Nāda (नाद), stationed in the five places, bears five names in that order: extremely subtle, subtle, filled out, not filled out, and artificial.
नेपालीमा
पाँच ठाउँमा रहेको नादले त्यही क्रममा अत्यन्त सूक्ष्म, सूक्ष्म, पुष्ट, अपुष्ट र कृत्रिम यी पाँच नाम बोक्छ।
Where it sits
The commentary notes that Mataṅga (मतङ्ग) pairs names with these places in a different order. This verse gives the names in the order of 1.3.4. 1.3.7 then sets the five aside for practice and keeps three.
Split: nādaḥ (नादः) + atisūkṣmaḥ (अतिसूक्ष्मः) + sūkṣmaḥ (सूक्ष्मः) + ca (च) + puṣṭaḥ (पुष्टः) + apuṣṭaḥ (अपुष्टः) + ca (च) + kṛtrimaḥ (कृत्रिमः) + iti (इति) + pañca-abhidhāḥ (पञ्च-अभिधाः) + dhatte (धत्ते) + pañca-sthāna-sthitaḥ (पञ्च-स्थान-स्थितः) + kramāt (क्रमात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nādaḥ (नादः) | nominative singular, masculine | Nāda (नाद). Heard nādo (नादो) before atisūkṣmaḥ (अतिसूक्ष्मः). |
| atisūkṣmaḥ (अतिसूक्ष्मः) | nominative singular, masculine | Extremely subtle. |
| sūkṣmaḥ (सूक्ष्मः) | nominative singular, masculine | Subtle. Heard sūkṣmaś (सूक्ष्मश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| puṣṭaḥ (पुष्टः) | nominative singular, masculine | Filled out, grown strong. Heard puṣṭo (पुष्टो) before apuṣṭaḥ (अपुष्टः). |
| apuṣṭaḥ (अपुष्टः) | nominative singular, masculine | Not filled out. Heard apuṣṭaś (अपुष्टश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| kṛtrimaḥ (कृत्रिमः) | nominative singular, masculine | Artificial. Shaped, made. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | Marks the five names as the list. |
| pañca-abhidhāḥ (पञ्च-अभिधाः) | accusative plural, feminine | Five names. abhidhā (अभिधा), a name. Object of dhatte (धत्ते). Before dhatte (धत्ते) the visarga after ā (आ) drops: pañcābhidhā dhatte (पञ्चाभिधा धत्ते). |
| dhatte (धत्ते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | Bears, takes on. From the root dhā (धा). |
| pañca-sthāna-sthitaḥ (पञ्च-स्थान-स्थितः) | nominative singular, masculine | Stationed in the five places. The five are the places of 1.3.4. Agrees with nādaḥ (नादः). |
| kramāt (क्रमात्) | ablative singular, masculine | In that order. The order of the names follows the order of the places. |
The phrases
Five names, one nāda (नाद). Extremely subtle, subtle, filled out, not filled out, artificial.
Kramāt (क्रमात्) ties the names to the places just listed: navel, heart, throat, head, mouth.
Sanskrit in this line
Visarga before ca (च) is heard as ś (श्): sūkṣmaśca (सूक्ष्मश्च), apuṣṭaśca (अपुष्टश्च).
Puṣṭaḥ (पुष्टः) plus apuṣṭaḥ (अपुष्टः) is puṣṭo 'puṣṭaḥ (पुष्टोऽपुष्टः).
Pañca-abhidhāḥ (पञ्च-अभिधाः) before dhatte (धत्ते). A visarga after ā (आ), before a voiced consonant, drops.
Say it back
Say the five names in order, then the five places in order, and keep the two lists matched.