Aṣṭāvakra Gītā / Janaka (अध्याय १२) / 12.4
12.4
the Aṣṭāvakra Gītā (अष्टावक्र गीता)
heyopādeyavirahādएvaṃ harṣaviṣādayoḥ | abhāvād adya he brahmannएvam evāham āsthitaḥ
The line
From the absence of a thing to leave and a thing to take, and so from the absence of joy and of sinking, today, O brahman, I am settled just so.
नेपालीमा
छोड्नु र लिनुको अभावबाट, अनि हर्ष र विषादको अभावबाट, आज हे ब्रह्मन्, म यसरी नै स्थित छु।
Where it sits
Janaka is still speaking. He addresses Aṣṭāvakra (अष्टावक्र) while the refrain continues.
Split: heyopādeyavirahāt (हेयोपादेयविरहात्) + evam (एवम्) + harṣaviṣādayoḥ (हर्षविषादयोः) + abhāvāt (अभावात्) + adya (अद्य) + he (हे) + brahman (ब्रह्मन्) + evam (एवम्) + eva (एव) + aham (अहम्) + āsthitaḥ (आस्थितः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| heyopādeyavirahāt (हेयोपादेयविरहात्) | ablative singular, masculine | from the absence of a thing to leave and a thing to take. Read from virahāt (विरहात्). Recited virahād (विरहाद्) before evam (एवम्). |
| evam (एवम्) | indeclinable | thus, and so. Recited with anusvara before harṣa (हर्ष). |
| harṣaviṣādayoḥ (हर्षविषादयोः) | genitive dual, masculine | of joy and of sinking. Read from viṣādayoḥ (विषादयोः). |
| abhāvāt (अभावात्) | ablative singular, masculine | from the absence. Recited abhāvād (अभावाद्) before adya (अद्य). Depends on harṣaviṣādayoḥ (हर्षविषादयोः). |
| adya (अद्य) | indeclinable | today. |
| he (हे) | indeclinable | O. |
| brahman (ब्रह्मन्) | vocative singular, neuter | O brahman (ब्रह्मन्). Recited brahmann (ब्रह्मन्न्) before evam (एवम्), the n (न्) doubled. |
| evam (एवम्) | indeclinable | thus. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | just. |
| aham (अहम्) | nominative singular | I. |
| āsthitaḥ (आस्थितः) | nominative singular, masculine | settled. |
The phrases
heyopādeyavirahāt (हेयोपादेयविरहात्) and harṣaviṣādayoḥ (हर्षविषादयोः) abhāvāt (अभावात्) are the two sources, linked by evam (एवम्). adya (अद्य) marks when. he (हे) brahman (ब्रह्मन्) is the address. The refrain is aham (अहम्) āsthitaḥ (आस्थितः).
Sanskrit in this line
virahāt (विरहात्) before evam (एवम्) is virahād (विरहाद्), and this edition keeps the virama, so the consonant does not take the vowel. abhāvāt (अभावात्) plus adya (अद्य) is abhāvād (अभावाद्) adya (अद्य), and there the consonant does take the vowel. brahman (ब्रह्मन्) before evam (एवम्) is brahmann (ब्रह्मन्न्), again with the virama kept before e (ए).
Say it back
Absence of what two pairs is the ground, and whom does he address?