1.1.22
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.22
तदत्यन्तविमोक्षोऽपवर्गः
tadatyantavimokṣo 'pavargaḥ
The line
Release is the absolute release from that pain.
नेपालीमा
मोक्ष त्यो दुःखबाटको पूर्ण छुटकारा हो।
Where it sits
tad supplies duḥkha (दुःख) from 1.1.21. apavarga from 1.1.9 and 1.1.2 is the word being defined.
Split: tad-atyanta-vimokṣaḥ (तद्-अत्यन्त-विमोक्षः) + apavargaḥ (अपवर्गः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tad-atyanta-vimokṣaḥ (तद्-अत्यन्त-विमोक्षः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absolute release from that |
| apavargaḥ (अपवर्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | release |
The phrases
tad points to duḥkha (दुःख). vimokṣa (विमोक्ष) is a full unloosing. atyanta means it goes all the way, with no remainder that would start the series again.
This is the same apavarga as in 1.1.2. There it was the end of the whole chain. Here it is said from the side of pain: pain is let go absolutely. The two descriptions belong together. Remove false knowing and the rest, and pain does not return.
Sanskrit in this line
vimokṣaḥ (विमोक्षः) before apavargaḥ (अपवर्गः) is recited vimokṣo (विमोक्षो) 'pavargaḥ (पवर्गः). atyanta-vimokṣa (अत्यन्त-विमोक्ष) is a tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष), 'a release that is absolute'.
Say it back
Tie apavarga to duḥkha (दुःख) by the word atyanta, and back to the series of 1.1.2.