1.1.34
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.34
उदाहरणसाधर्म्यात् साध्यसाधनं हेतुः
udāharaṇasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanaṃ hetuḥ
The line
The reason is the establishing of what is to be proved, by likeness to the example.
नेपालीमा
हेतु उदाहरणसँगको सादृश्यले साध्य सिद्ध गर्नु हो।
Where it sits
hetu from 1.1.32 is the member being defined. sādhya (साध्य) from 1.1.33 is in force. udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) from 1.1.32 is in force as a name, ahead of its definition.
Split: udāharaṇa-sādharmyāt (उदाहरण-साधर्म्यात्) + sādhya-sādhanam (साध्य-साधनम्) + hetuḥ (हेतुः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| udāharaṇa-sādharmyāt (उदाहरण-साधर्म्यात्) | ablative singular, neuter | by likeness to the example |
| sādhya-sādhanam (साध्य-साधनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the establishing of what is to be established |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | the reason |
The phrases
The reason is a sādhana (साधन), an establishing, of the sādhya (साध्य). Its route in this line is sādharmya (साधर्म्य) with the udāharaṇa (उदाहरण). The subject is like the example in bearing the proving property, and so the property to be proved is carried across.
udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) is named in the list of members and defined two lines below. This line uses the name before the definition, which is normal here. The next line gives the other route, unlikeness.
Sanskrit in this line
The ablative sādharmyāt (साधर्म्यात्) marks the means, as prasiddhasādharmyāt (प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यात्) did for comparison. sādhyasādhanam (साध्यसाधनम्) is the same compound type as in 1.1.6, with a new subject, hetu.
Say it back
Gloss hetu as sādhyasādhana (साध्यसाधन) by way of the example. Leave room for the negative route.
Next
1.1.35. The reason likewise establishes it through unlikeness.