1.1.37
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.37
तद्विपर्ययाद् वा विपरीतम्
tadviparyayād vā viparītam
The line
Or, from the reverse of that, the example is the contrary case.
नेपालीमा
वा त्यसको उल्टोबाट उदाहरण विपरीत दृष्टान्त हो।
Where it sits
Supply udāharaṇam (उदाहरणम्) and dṛṣṭāntaḥ (दृष्टान्तः) from 1.1.36. tad points at the sādhyasādharmya (साध्यसाधर्म्य) and taddharmabhāva (तद्धर्मभाव) of that line. vaidharmya from 1.1.35 is the route this contrary case serves.
Split: tad-viparyayāt (तद्-विपर्ययात्) + vā (वा) + viparītam (विपरीतम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tad-viparyayāt (तद्-विपर्ययात्) | ablative singular, masculine | from the reverse of that |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
| viparītam (विपरीतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the contrary |
The phrases
vā (वा) marks the second kind of example. viparītam (विपरीतम्) is the case that runs the other way. It lacks the proving property and lacks the property to be proved.
tadviparyaya is the reverse of the pattern in the previous line, the reverse of likeness and of bearing that property. From that reverse, the contrary familiar case is also an udāharaṇa (उदाहरण). This is the example that serves the reason's vaidharmya.
Sanskrit in this line
viparyaya is masculine, and its ablative before vā (वा) is recited viparyayād (विपर्ययाद्), because final t before a voiced sound becomes d. viparītam (विपरीतम्) is neuter and stands for the contrary example.
Say it back
Be able to state both examples: the similar case that has the property, and the contrary case.