1.1.39
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.39
हेत्वपदेशात् प्रतिज्ञायाः पुनर्वचनं निगमनम्
hetvapadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam
The line
The conclusion is the saying again of the thesis, after the reason has been stated.
नेपालीमा
निगमन हेतु भनिसकेपछि प्रतिज्ञा फेरि भन्नु हो।
Where it sits
nigamana from 1.1.32 is the member being defined. pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) from 1.1.33 and hetu from 1.1.34 are the two words this line joins.
Split: hetu-apadeśāt (हेतु-अपदेशात्) + pratijñāyāḥ (प्रतिज्ञायाः) + punar-vacanam (पुनर्-वचनम्) + nigamanam (निगमनम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetu-apadeśāt (हेतु-अपदेशात्) | ablative singular, masculine | after the statement of the reason |
| pratijñāyāḥ (प्रतिज्ञायाः) | genitive singular, feminine | of the thesis |
| punar-vacanam (पुनर्-वचनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the saying again |
| nigamanam (निगमनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the conclusion |
The phrases
nigamana closes the five members. It says the pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) once more. The ablative hetvapadeśāt (हेत्वपदेशात्) fixes the moment: after the reason has been adduced, with the example and the application already in place.
It is not a second, different claim. punarvacana means saying again. The restatement now carries the force of the reason. That is why it is the conclusion and not a repeated thesis at the start.
Sanskrit in this line
apadeśa (अपदेश) is a statement that points something out. hetvapadeśāt (हेत्वपदेशात्) is ablative of time as well as of source, 'from the point at which the reason has been stated'. punarvacanam before nigamanam is recited with anusvāra (अनुस्वार).
Say it back
Walk the five members in order and stop on nigamana as pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) said again.