1.1.8
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.8
स द्विविधो दृष्टादृष्टार्थत्वात्
sa dvividho dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthatvāt
The line
Word is of two kinds, according as its object is seen or unseen.
नेपालीमा
शब्दको विषय देखिने वा नदेखिने हुनेअनुसार शब्द दुई प्रकारको हुन्छ।
Where it sits
saḥ (सः) supplies śabdaḥ (शब्दः) from 1.1.7. āpta (आप्त) from that line is still in force for both kinds.
Split: saḥ (सः) + dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) + dṛṣṭa-adṛṣṭa-arthatvāt (दृष्ट-अदृष्ट-अर्थत्वात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | it |
| dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) | nominative singular, masculine | of two kinds |
| dṛṣṭa-adṛṣṭa-arthatvāt (दृष्ट-अदृष्ट-अर्थत्वात्) | ablative singular, neuter | because its object is either something seen or something unseen |
The phrases
saḥ (सः) is the śabda (शब्द) just defined. It splits in two by its artha, the thing the statement is about.
One kind speaks of what can be seen and checked, dṛṣṭārtha (दृष्टार्थ). The other speaks of what is not available to the senses, adṛṣṭārtha (अदृष्टार्थ). The ablative arthatvāt (अर्थत्वात्) gives the ground of the split. Both kinds remain āptopadeśa (आप्तोपदेश).
Sanskrit in this line
The pronoun saḥ (सः) before a voiced consonant is recited sa, not so. dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) before dṛṣṭa (दृष्ट) is recited dvividho. The analysis still writes saḥ (सः) and dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः).
Say it back
Say the two kinds of śabda (शब्द): dṛṣṭārtha (दृष्टार्थ) and adṛṣṭārtha (अदृष्टार्थ).