1.2.19
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.19
विप्रतिपत्तिरप्रतिपत्तिश् च निग्रहस्थानम्
vipratipattir apratipattiś ca nigrahasthānam
The line
A point of defeat is misunderstanding and failure to understand.
नेपालीमा
निग्रहस्थान गलत बुझाइ र नबुझाइ हो।
Where it sits
nigrahasthāna (निग्रहस्थान) from 1.1.1, named as a tool of jalpa in 1.2.2, is the word being defined. vipratipatti echoes the vipratipatti that was one source of doubt in 1.1.23, now as a fault in debate.
Split: vipratipattiḥ (विप्रतिपत्तिः) + apratipattiḥ (अप्रतिपत्तिः) + ca (च) + nigraha-sthānam (निग्रह-स्थानम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vipratipattiḥ (विप्रतिपत्तिः) | nominative singular, feminine | wrong understanding |
| apratipattiḥ (अप्रतिपत्तिः) | nominative singular, feminine | failure to understand |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| nigraha-sthānam (निग्रह-स्थानम्) | nominative singular, neuter | a point of defeat |
The phrases
nigraha is defeat in the debate. sthāna (स्थान) is the occasion, the place where defeat is incurred. Two general faults fill that place.
vipratipatti is taking the point wrongly, a distorted grasp. apratipatti is not grasping it at all. ca joins the two. The line gives this pair as the definition. It does not list the occasions. Those occasions are many, and the next line says so without naming them. The list itself is a matter for the fifth adhyāya (अध्याय).
Sanskrit in this line
vipratipattiḥ (विप्रतिपत्तिः) before a vowel is recited vipratipattir. apratipattiḥ (अप्रतिपत्तिः) before ca is recited apratipattiś (अप्रतिपत्तिश्). nigrahasthāna (निग्रहस्थान) is a tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष), neuter because sthāna (स्थान) is neuter.
Say it back
Gloss nigrahasthāna (निग्रहस्थान) as vipratipatti and apratipatti. Do not recite a list of occasions from this line.
Next
1.2.20. Futile rejoinders and points of defeat are many, because those faults divide.