3.1.18
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.18
पूर्वाभ्यस्तस्मृत्यनुबन्धात् जातस्य हर्षभयशोकसम्प्रतिपत्तेः
pūrvābhyastasmṛtyanubandhāt jātasya harṣabhayaśokasampratipatteḥ
The line
Because of a compound: pūrvā (पूर्वा), bhya (भ्य), stasmṛ (स्तस्मृ), tyanu (त्यनु), and bondage, of a futile rejoinder, of a compound: harṣa (हर्ष), fear, grief, sampra (सम्प्र), and tipatta (तिपत्त).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Examines the objects: the self, the body, the senses, the mind. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pūrvā-bhya-stasmṛ-tyanu-bandhāt (पूर्वा-भ्य-स्तस्मृ-त्यनु-बन्धात्) + jātasya (जातस्य) + harṣa-bhaya-śoka-sampra-tipatteḥ (हर्ष-भय-शोक-सम्प्र-तिपत्तेः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pūrvā-bhya-stasmṛ-tyanu-bandhāt (पूर्वा-भ्य-स्तस्मृ-त्यनु-बन्धात्) | ablative singular | a compound: pūrvā (पूर्वा), bhya (भ्य), stasmṛ (स्तस्मृ), tyanu (त्यनु), and bondage. Read it from the end |
| jātasya (जातस्य) | genitive singular | a futile rejoinder |
| harṣa-bhaya-śoka-sampra-tipatteḥ (हर्ष-भय-शोक-सम्प्र-तिपत्तेः) | genitive or ablative singular | a compound: harṣa (हर्ष), fear, grief, sampra (सम्प्र), and tipatta (तिपत्त). Read it from the end |
The phrases
pūrvā-bhya-stasmṛ-tyanu-bandhāt (पूर्वा-भ्य-स्तस्मृ-त्यनु-बन्धात्) is a compound: pūrvā (पूर्वा), bhya (भ्य), stasmṛ (स्तस्मृ), tyanu (त्यनु), and bondage. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. jātasya (जातस्य) is a futile rejoinder. It stands as genitive singular.
harṣa-bhaya-śoka-sampra-tipatteḥ (हर्ष-भय-शोक-सम्प्र-तिपत्तेः) is a compound: harṣa (हर्ष), fear, grief, sampra (सम्प्र), and tipatta (तिपत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as genitive or ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
harṣa-bhaya-śoka-sampra-tipatteḥ (हर्ष-भय-शोक-सम्प्र-तिपत्तेः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pūrvā-bhya-stasmṛ-tyanu-bandhāt (पूर्वा-भ्य-स्तस्मृ-त्यनु-बन्धात्) and jātasya (जातस्य).