4.1.39
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.1.39
न स्वभावसिद्धिः, आपेक्षिकत्वात्
na svabhāvasiddhiḥ, āpekṣikatvāt
The line
Not a compound: an own-nature, and established, because of āpekṣikatva (आपेक्षिकत्व).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. Examines action, fault, rebirth, fruit, pain, and release, and then the whole and the part. The line is short. svabhāva-siddhe-rbhāvānām (स्वभाव-सिद्धे-र्भावानाम्) from 4.1.38 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: na (न) + svabhāva-siddhiḥ (स्वभाव-सिद्धिः) + āpekṣikatvāt (आपेक्षिकत्वात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| svabhāva-siddhiḥ (स्वभाव-सिद्धिः) | nominative singular | a compound: an own-nature, and established. Read it from the end |
| āpekṣikatvāt (आपेक्षिकत्वात्) | ablative singular | āpekṣikatva (आपेक्षिकत्व) |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. svabhāva-siddhiḥ (स्वभाव-सिद्धिः) is a compound: an own-nature, and established. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular.
āpekṣikatvāt (आपेक्षिकत्वात्) is āpekṣikatva (आपेक्षिकत्व). It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
svabhāva-siddhiḥ (स्वभाव-सिद्धिः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss svabhāva-siddhiḥ (स्वभाव-सिद्धिः) and āpekṣikatvāt (आपेक्षिकत्वात्).
Next
4.1.40. A compound: vyāhata (व्याहत), tvāda (त्वाद), and fit, right.