5.1.31
Nyāya Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.1.31
ज्ञानविकल्पानां च भावाभावसंवेदनादध्यात्मम्
jñānavikalpānāṃ ca bhāvābhāvasaṃvedanādadhyātmam
The line
Of a compound: knowing, and an alternative, a division and, a compound: a state, absence, saṃve (संवे), danā (दना), and dadhyātma (दध्यात्म).
Where it sits
In Nyāya (न्याय) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. The false rejoinders, called jāti (जाति), and the points on which a debate is lost. The line is short. anupalambhātmakatvādanupalabdherahetuḥ (अनुपलम्भात्मकत्वादनुपलब्धेरहेतुः) from 5.1.30 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: jñāna-vikalpānāṃ (ज्ञान-विकल्पानां) + ca (च) + bhāva-abhāva-saṃve-danā-dadhyātmam (भाव-अभाव-संवे-दना-दध्यात्मम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| jñāna-vikalpānāṃ (ज्ञान-विकल्पानां) | genitive plural | a compound: knowing, and an alternative, a division. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| bhāva-abhāva-saṃve-danā-dadhyātmam (भाव-अभाव-संवे-दना-दध्यात्मम्) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: a state, absence, saṃve (संवे), danā (दना), and dadhyātma (दध्यात्म). Read it from the end |
The phrases
jñāna-vikalpānāṃ (ज्ञान-विकल्पानां) is a compound: knowing, and an alternative, a division. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
bhāva-abhāva-saṃve-danā-dadhyātmam (भाव-अभाव-संवे-दना-दध्यात्मम्) is a compound: a state, absence, saṃve (संवे), danā (दना), and dadhyātma (दध्यात्म). Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
bhāva-abhāva-saṃve-danā-dadhyātmam (भाव-अभाव-संवे-दना-दध्यात्मम्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss jñāna-vikalpānāṃ (ज्ञान-विकल्पानां) and bhāva-abhāva-saṃve-danā-dadhyātmam (भाव-अभाव-संवे-दना-दध्यात्मम्).