Tarka-Saṃgraha / 20. Taste
20
रसनग्राह्यो गुणो रसः । स च मधुराम्ललवणकटुकषायतिक्तभेदात् षड्विधः । पृथिव्यां षड्विधः । जले मधुर एव rasanagrāhyo guṇo rasaḥ | sa ca madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭukaṣāyatiktabhedāt ṣaḍvidhaḥ | pṛthivyāṃ ṣaḍvidhaḥ | jale madhura eva
The line
Taste is the quality grasped by the tongue. It is of six kinds. In earth it is sixfold. In water it is sweet alone.
नेपालीमा
रस जिब्रोले लिइने गुण हो र त्यो छ प्रकारको छ। पृथ्वीमा त्यो छ प्रकारको हुन्छ र जलमा गुलियो मात्र हुन्छ।
Where it sits
The tongue was at 11. Smell is 21, and smell will be earth's alone.
Split: rasana-grāhyaḥ (रसन-ग्राह्यः) + guṇaḥ (गुणः) + rasaḥ (रसः) + saḥ (सः) + ca (च) + madhura-amla-lavaṇa-kaṭu-kaṣāya-tikta-bhedāt (मधुर-अम्ल-लवण-कटु-कषाय-तिक्त-भेदात्) + ṣaḍvidhaḥ (षड्विधः) + pṛthivyām (पृथिव्याम्) + ṣaḍvidhaḥ (षड्विधः) + jale (जले) + madhuraḥ (मधुरः) + eva (एव)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| rasana-grāhyaḥ (रसन-ग्राह्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | Graspable by the tongue. Heard grāhyo (ग्राह्यो). |
| rasaḥ (रसः) | nominative singular, masculine | Taste. |
| ṣaḍvidhaḥ (षड्विधः) | nominative singular, masculine | Of six kinds. |
| madhura (मधुर) | stem | Sweet. |
| amla (अम्ल) | stem | Sour. |
| lavaṇa (लवण) | stem | Salty. |
| kaṭu (कटु) | stem | Pungent. |
| kaṣāya (कषाय) | stem | Astringent. |
| tikta (तिक्त) | stem | Bitter. |
| pṛthivyām (पृथिव्याम्) | locative singular, feminine | In earth, all six. |
| jale madhura eva (जले मधुर एव) | locative, nominative | In water, sweet only. |
The phrases
Fire has color and no taste. Water has one taste. Earth has six.
Sanskrit in this line
Madhura (मधुर) plus amla (अम्ल) is madhurāmla (मधुराम्ल). Short a (अ) plus short a (अ) is ā (आ).
Say it back
Name the six tastes, and say which substance has only the sweet.