Tarka-Saṃgraha / 45. For oneself, for another
45
अनुमानं द्विविधं स्वार्थं परार्थं च । तत्र स्वार्थं स्वानुमितिहेतुः । स्वयमेव भूयो दर्शनेन यत्र धूमस् तत्र अग्निरिति महानसादौ व्याप्तिं गृहीत्वा पर्वते धूमं पश्यन् व्याप्तिं स्मरति । तदनन्तरं वह्निव्याप्यधूमवानयं पर्वत इति ज्ञानमुत्पद्यते । अयमेव लिङ्गपरामर्श इत्युच्यते । तस्मात् पर्वतो वह्निमानिति ज्ञानमनुमितिरुत्पद्यते । तदेतत् स्वार्थानुमानम् । यत् तु स्वयं धूमादग्निमनुमाय परप्रतिपत्त्यर्थं पञ्चावयववाक्यं प्रयुङ्क्ते तत् परार्थानुमानम् । यथा पर्वतो वह्निमान् धूमवत्त्वात् । यो यो धूमवान् स वह्निमान् यथा महानसः । तथा चायम् । तस्मात् तथा । अनेन प्रतिपादिताल् लिङ्गात् परोऽप्यग्निं प्रतिपद्यते anumānaṃ dvividhaṃ svārthaṃ parārthaṃ ca | tatra svārthaṃ svānumitihetuḥ | svayam eva bhūyo darśanena yatra dhūmas tatra agnir iti mahānasādau vyāptiṃ gṛhītvā parvate dhūmaṃ paśyan vyāptiṃ smarati | tadanantaraṃ vahnivyāpyadhūmavān ayaṃ parvata iti jñānam utpadyate | ayam eva liṅgaparāmarśa ity ucyate | tasmāt parvato vahnimān iti jñānam anumitir utpadyate | tad etat svārthānumānam | yat tu svayaṃ dhūmād agnim anumāya parapratipattyarthaṃ pañcāvayavavākyaṃ prayuṅkte tat parārthānumānam | yathā parvato vahnimān dhūmavattvāt | yo yo dhūmavān sa vahnimān yathā mahānasaḥ | tathā cāyam | tasmāt tathā | anena pratipāditāl liṅgāt paro 'py agniṃ pratipadyate
The line
Inference is for oneself or for another. The one for oneself is the cause of one's own inferential knowing. One grasps the pervasion by repeated seeing, remembers it on seeing smoke on the mountain, and there arises the knowing that this mountain has smoke pervaded by fire. That is the consideration of the mark. From it arises the knowing that the mountain has fire. When one has inferred the fire from the smoke and utters the five-membered sentence so that another may understand, that inference is for another. By the mark thus set out, the other person also arrives at the fire.
नेपालीमा
अनुमान आफ्ना लागि वा अर्काका लागि हुन्छ, र आफ्ना लागिको आफ्नै अनुमिति ज्ञानको कारण हो। बारम्बार देखेर व्याप्ति लिइन्छ, पर्वतमा धुवाँ देख्दा त्यो सम्झिन्छ र यो पर्वतमा आगोले व्याप्त धुवाँ छ भन्ने ज्ञान उठ्छ, त्यो लिङ्गको परामर्श हो, त्यसबाट पर्वतमा आगो छ भन्ने ज्ञान उठ्छ, र धुवाँबाट आगो अनुमान गरेर अर्काले बुझोस् भनी पाँच अवयवको वाक्य भन्दा त्यो अनुमान अर्काका लागि हुन्छ, त्यसरी राखिएको लिङ्गबाट अर्को मानिस पनि आगोसम्म पुग्छ।
Where it sits
The five members are named at 46.
Split: anumānam (अनुमानम्) + dvividham (द्विविधम्) + sva-artham (स्व-अर्थम्) + para-artham (पर-अर्थम्) + ca (च) + sva-artham (स्व-अर्थम्) + sva-anumiti-hetuḥ (स्व-अनुमिति-हेतुः) + para-artha-anumānam (पर-अर्थ-अनुमानम्) + pañca-avayava-vākyam (पञ्च-अवयव-वाक्यम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svārtham (स्वार्थम्) | nominative singular, neuter | For oneself. The cause of one's own inferential knowing. |
| parārtham (परार्थम्) | nominative singular, neuter | For another. A statement made so that someone else may know. |
| bhūyas darśanena (भूयस् दर्शनेन) | instrumental | By seeing again and again. How one first gets the pervasion, in the kitchen and the like. |
| mahānasa (महानस) | the kitchen | The stock place where smoke and fire were seen together. |
| liṅga-parāmarśaḥ (लिङ्ग-परामर्शः) | nominative singular, masculine | The consideration of the mark. The file had liṅgaparāmarṣam (लिङ्गपरामर्षम्). The sitting reads parāmarśa (परामर्श). |
| pañcāvayava-vākyam (पञ्चावयव-वाक्यम्) | accusative singular, neuter | The sentence of five members. |
| parvato vahnimān dhūmavattvāt (पर्वतो वह्निमान् धूमवत्त्वात्) | the mountain is fiery, because it has smoke | The statement in brief, before the five members are named. |
| pratipāditāt liṅgāt (प्रतिपादितात् लिङ्गात्) | from the mark that has been set out | Heard pratipāditāl liṅgāt (प्रतिपादिताल् लिङ्गात्). From that mark the other person also arrives at fire. |
The phrases
For oneself: see the smoke, remember the pervasion, make the consideration, and the knowing arises. No sentence has to be spoken.
For another: the same knowing, then a sentence of five members, so that the other may know.
Sanskrit in this line
Sva (स्व) plus artha (अर्थ) is svārtha (स्वार्थ). Para (पर) plus artha (अर्थ) is parārtha (परार्थ).
Pratipāditāt (प्रतिपादितात्) before liṅgāt (लिङ्गात्) is pratipāditāl (प्रतिपादिताल्). A final t (त्) before l (ल्) is heard as l (ल्).
Say it back
Say which of the two needs a spoken sentence.