Tarka-Saṃgraha / 46. Five members
46
प्रतिज्ञाहेतूदाहरणोपनयनिगमानि पञ्चावयवाः । पर्वतो वह्निमानिति प्रतिज्ञा । धूमवत्त्वादिति हेतुः । यो यो धूमवान् स वह्निमान् यथा महानस इत्युदाहरणम् । तथा चायमित्युपनयः । तस्मात् तथेति निगमनम् pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayanigamāni pañcāvayavāḥ | parvato vahnimān iti pratijñā | dhūmavattvād iti hetuḥ | yo yo dhūmavān sa vahnimān yathā mahānasa ity udāharaṇam | tathā cāyam ity upanayaḥ | tasmāt tatheti nigamanam
The line
The five members are the proposition, the reason, the example, the application, and the conclusion. 'The mountain is fiery' is the proposition. 'Because it has smoke' is the reason. 'Whatever has smoke has fire, as the kitchen' is the example. 'And this is such' is the application. 'Therefore it is so' is the conclusion.
नेपालीमा
पाँच अवयव प्रतिज्ञा, हेतु, उदाहरण, उपनय र निगमन हुन्। पर्वत आगो भएको हो भन्ने प्रतिज्ञा हो, धुवाँ भएकाले भन्ने हेतु हो, जहाँ धुवाँ छ त्यहाँ आगो छ जस्तै भान्सा भन्ने उदाहरण हो, र यो पनि त्यस्तै हो भन्ने उपनय हो, त्यसैले यो त्यस्तै हो भन्ने निगमन हो।
Where it sits
47 says the instrument, in both kinds of inference, is the consideration of the mark, not the sentence. The sentence is how the other person is brought to make that consideration.
Split: pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) + hetu (हेतु) + udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) + upanaya (उपनय) + nigamāni (निगमानि) + pañca-avayavāḥ (पञ्च-अवयवाः) + parvataḥ (पर्वतः) + vahnimān (वह्निमान्) + iti (इति) + pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) + dhūmavattvāt (धूमवत्त्वात्) + iti (इति) + hetuḥ (हेतुः) + yaḥ yaḥ (यः यः) + dhūmavān (धूमवान्) + saḥ (सः) + vahnimān (वह्निमान्) + yathā (यथा) + mahānasaḥ (महानसः) + iti (इति) + udāharaṇam (उदाहरणम्) + tathā (तथा) + ca (च) + ayam (अयम्) + iti (इति) + upanayaḥ (उपनयः) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + tathā (तथा) + iti (इति) + nigamanam (निगमनम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) | nominative singular, feminine | The proposition. The mountain is fiery. |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | The reason. Because it has smoke. |
| udāharaṇam (उदाहरणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | The example. Whatever has smoke has fire, as the kitchen. |
| upanayaḥ (उपनयः) | nominative singular, masculine | The application. And this is so. This mountain is a case of that. |
| nigamanam (निगमनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | The conclusion. Therefore it is so. |
| pañca-avayavāḥ (पञ्च-अवयवाः) | nominative plural, masculine | Five members. The file's pañcāvayavaḥ (पञ्चावयवः) is this plural. The compound of five names takes the plural on nigama (निगम). |
The phrases
Proposition, reason, example, application, conclusion. The kitchen is the example that carries the pervasion.
Sanskrit in this line
Pratijñā (प्रतिज्ञा) plus hetu (हेतु) is pratijñāhetu (प्रतिज्ञाहेतु). Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) plus upanaya (उपनय) is udāharaṇopanaya (उदाहरणोपनय).
Tathā (तथा) plus iti (इति) is tatheti (तथेति).
Say it back
Recite the five members in order, each with its mountain sentence.